Cape Adare
| Cape Adare | ||
 Topographic map of the Adare Peninsula with Cape Adare at the northern tip |
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| Geographical location | ||
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| Coordinates | 71 ° 20 ′ S , 170 ° 8 ′ E | |
| location | Victoria Land , East Antarctica | |
| coast | Border between Borchgrevink and Pennell coasts | |
| Waters | Ross Sea | |
| Waters 2 | Robertson Bay | |
 The two huts built by Borchgrevink in 1899, surrounded by Adelie penguins |
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The Cape Adare is a largely ice-free promontory on the north-eastern end of the Adare Peninsula in East Antarctic Victoria Land . It marks the border between the Ross Sea to the east and the Somow Sea in the west, as well as the Borchgrevink coast in the south and east and the Pennell coast in the west. The Admiralty Mountains rise behind the cape . Cape Adare is of volcanic origin, the rock consists of dark basalt . Scott Island is 480 km northeast of Cape Adare .
Cape Adare is a protected area under the care of the Commonwealth on the basis of the "Antarctic (Amendment) Regulations" from the year 2000, which were enacted in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty ( Specially Protected Area of Antarctica ASPA-159: Cape Adare, Historic Site and Monument HSM -22: Hut at Cape Adare).
Discovery and Exploration
Cape Adare was an important landing site and an important base camp for the early Antarctic expeditions. The British polar explorer James Clark Ross discovered the cape in January 1841 and named it after his friend Edwin Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (1812–1871), former Viscount Adare, a member of parliament for Glamorganshire and friends Daniel Dunglas Home .
In January 1895, the Norwegian explorers Henryk Bull and Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink landed on Cape Adare to collect rock samples.
Borchgrevink returned in 1899 as leader of the Southern Cross Expedition with the ship Southern Cross and built two huts (a 5 meter by 5 meter wooden hut as accommodation and a storage shed) and 200 meters in Robertson Bay near Cape Adare removed a tent that was used as a weather observatory. This Camp Riley was the first human construction on the continent of Antarctica. The ten expedition participants spent the winter there. The only 28-year-old zoologist Nicolai Hanson died and was buried at the Cape. It was the first burial on the continent, the grave had to be blasted into the rock with dynamite. The majority of the 75 sled dogs that were carried along perished, either due to deficiency diseases or possibly because they were used as food for the expedition members, which was not uncommon at the time. The expedition was resumed from the Southern Cross in January 1900 . The cabins ( Historic Site and Monument HSM-22) are now preserved by the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust , they were restored in 1990. The grave of Hanson including the grave cross (historical site and monument HSM-23) still exists. However, the existing artifacts were brought to New Zealand for conservation reasons. (Location of Camp Riley: 71 ° 18 ′ 0 ″ S , 170 ° 9 ′ 0 ″ E )
Members of the northern group of Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova expedition wintered at Cape Adare in 1911 and 1912. They also built a hut, which is now derelict.
The closest recent research station was Cape Hallett , jointly operated by New Zealand and the United States , 63 miles (101 kilometers) south. It was used from 1957 to 1973.
Today, numerous cruises stop off at Cape Adare and visit the remains of the expedition.
ecology
The world's largest breeding colony of Adelie penguins (over 250,000 breeding pairs ) is located at Ridley Beach 1.5 km south of Cape Adare . Investigations of penguin bones deposited there by means of the radiocarbon method revealed an age of up to 38,000 years, the oldest penguin colony remains ever found.
Other events
The gigantic iceberg B-15 , which broke off the Ross Ice Shelf in the Antarctic in 2000 , ran aground on Cape Adare in October 2005 and broke into pieces.
In February 2007, after a large fire broke out below deck, the Japanese whaling factory ship Nisshin Maru was damaged in the Ross Sea about 100 nautical miles from Cape Adare.
literature
- Walter Campbell Smith: The volcanic rocks of Cape Adare, South Victoria Land . In: British Museum, Natural History (Ed.): Natural history reports, Geology (series), Vol. 2.2. British Museum, London 1959
- Walter Campbell Smith: Volcanic rocks of Cape Adare and errativs from Terra Nova . In: British Museum, Natural History (ed.): Natural history reports, Geology (series), Vol. 2,3. British Museum, London 1963.
Web links
- Borchgrevink's Cape Adare Huts , Antarctic Heritage Trust
- Report on the Southern Cross expedition , David L. Harrowfield
- Cape Adare penguin colony ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Virtual tour of Cape Adare
Individual evidence
- ↑ HSM 22: Borchgrevink's huts in the Antarctic Protected Areas Database on the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat website (English, Spanish, French, Russian), accessed on November 16, 2019
- ↑ HSM 23: Hanson's Grave in the Antarctic Protected Areas Database on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (English, Spanish, French, Russian), accessed on November 16, 2019