Karl Marx coal plant
| VEB Steinkohlenwerk Karl Marx | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 Shaft I (1948) |
|||
| other names | Zwickauer Brückenberg hard coal mining association | ||
| Mining technology | Civil engineering | ||
| Funding / total | 30,750,000 t of hard coal | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 4,894 (1954) | ||
| Start of operation | 1859 | ||
| End of operation | 1973 | ||
| Successor use | VEB Metal Leichtbaukombinat Plauen | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 43 '0.5 " N , 12 ° 30' 38.5" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Zwickau | ||
| local community | Zwickau | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Zwickau | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Zwickau coal field | ||
The VEB coal plant Karl Marx was a mining company on coal in Zwickau , Saxony .
history
The Karl-Marx-Werk was founded in Zwickau on June 25th, 1855 as the Zwickauer Brückenberg-Steinkohlenbau-Verein . In 1859 the first seam worth building was drilled. On October 10, 1859, the beginning of the devastation of the unity shaft. A week later, on October 17, 1859, the persistence shaft ( double shaft system ) began to sink . The Ernst-Julius-Schacht started to sink in 1861.
Later the Einigkeitsschacht was only referred to as Brückenbergschacht I, the Ernst-Julius-Schacht as Brückenbergschacht II; the persistence shaft was dropped again in 1879 . On December 1 of the same year, a firedamp explosion occurred in the Ernst-Julius-Schacht. 89 miners were killed. Shaft III began to sink in 1871. Shaft IV began in 1873. On November 8, 1874, the shaft collapsed due to a strong influx of water and buried 7 workers of the devil team on the bottom of the now 156 m deep shaft. As more and more rocks broke in, the workers could not be saved. Eventually the shaft was abandoned and backfilled because the break could not be controlled. In 1874 a new shaft IV was started 28 m further south. The Teufbeginn the shafts V and VI was 1872. 1879, the sinking operation have been set, because the field components , which by these two shafts dissolved should be now cheaper manhole I from, aligned could be. In 1893 shafts V and VI were backfilled .
In August 1885, the Königin-Marien-Hütte in Cainsdorf delivered a new, iron pulley chair (headframe) for shaft II, which could not be erected until later, after the creation of an underground conveyor connection to shafts I and IV. In 1888 this strut conveyor frame was erected and replaced the previous wooden pulley chair.
In 1911/12, a new hoisting machine building for two spiral basket steam hoisting machines was built on shaft I. The weaker eastern machine with 750 HP and the more powerful western machine with 1255 HP. A dominant cast-iron strut frame in half-timbered construction was erected above the greenhouse, also by the Königin-Marien-Hütte Cainsdorf.
On February 10, 1920 the merger with the Morgenstern union took place ; the plant now operates as the Morgenstern union, operations department Brückenberg. Expropriated by the referendum in Saxony in 1946 , the Morgenstern union and the Brückenberg-Steinkohlenbau-Verein were separated again. On January 1, 1949, the Brückenberg-Steinkohlenbau-Verein was renamed Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB) Steinkohlenwerk Karl Marx . Accordingly, the shafts of the plant were renamed Karl-Marx-Schacht I to IV.
location
| Manhole | Start of devil | Depth | Kept | coordinate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unity shaft / shaft I | 1859 | 826 | 1969 | 50 ° 43 '0.54 " N , 12 ° 30' 39.73" O |
| Persistence Well | 1859 | 96 | 1879 | 50 ° 42 '59.39 " N , 12 ° 30' 38.47" E |
| Ernst-Julius-Schacht / Schacht II | 1862 | 709 | 1980 | 50 ° 42 '46.5 " N , 12 ° 31' 9.1" E |
| Shaft III | 1871 | 704 | 1973 | 50 ° 42 ′ 42.5 " N , 12 ° 30 ′ 31.3" E |
| Shaft IV | 1874 | 613 | 1965 | 50 ° 42 ′ 29 " N , 12 ° 31 ′ 10.5" E |
| Shaft V | 1872 | 217 | 1893 | 50 ° 43 '3.3 " N , 12 ° 31" 9.1 " E |
| Shaft VI | 1872 | 81 | 1893 | 50 ° 43 ′ 3.5 ″ N , 12 ° 31 ′ 15 ″ E |
Funding and number of employees
1960 mining disaster
The Zwickau mine accident was the worst mine accident in the history of the GDR . On February 22nd, 1960, at 8:20 a.m. in the 1st department of the Karl-Marx-Werk there was a severe firedamp and coal dust explosion with a subsequent mine fire. 55 of 178 miners were able to save themselves, 123 perished. The rescue work was continued for several days with the help of mine rescue teams from all districts in the GDR and Czechoslovakia . Around 500 men were on duty around the clock.
The pit fire could not be extinguished. The operations management decided after five days - since the people buried could no longer be alive - to wall up the section so that the fire could not spread. On February 27, 1960, an act of state mourning took place in Zwickau's Lindenhof.
The cause of the accident was determined by the Ministry for State Security , but the accident report was not published until the end of the GDR. There is no reliable information about the reasons for this.
Shutdown
The declining profitability of hard coal mining forced the GDR to stop it (resolution 11/67 of the GDR Council of Ministers of December 21, 1967). The Karl Marx factory was one of the first to be closed. On July 1, 1968, the Karl Marx plant lost its independence and the mine was continued as the "Karl Marx" part of the "Martin Hoop" coal plant .
In preparation for the planned shaft safekeeping (1969 to 1973), an underground conveyor connection (96 cross passage) was driven on the −515 m level between the two plants in order to be able to extract the remaining fields from the Martin Hoop plant . The open-day operation, the industrial railway and the coking plant were taken over and continued by the VEB Steinkohlenkokereien Zwickau "August Bebel" .
Until the end of the GDR in 1990 there were still numerous buildings and facilities, which have now been almost completely removed.
Picture gallery
Winder building shaft I (2015)
Shaft IV from the west (October 2009)
Shaft IV from the east (October 2009)
Memorial to the victims of the mine disaster at the Zwickau main cemetery (December 2012)
Individual evidence
- ^ Editions of the yearbooks for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1864–1938, years 1921–1945 not shown separately and assumed at 300 kt / a; Information for the other years: see literature
- ^ Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony to the year 1887 , p. 151 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony to the year 1889 , p. 108 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony, year 1912 , p. 147 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Yearbook for the mining and metallurgical industry in the Kingdom of Saxony, year 1913 , p. 144 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Author collective: The coal mining in the Zwickau area . Ed .: Steinkohlenbergbauverein Zwickau e. V. Förster & Borries, Zwickau 2000, ISBN 3-00-006207-6 , p. 509–513 (No figures are available for the years 1859–1870. In the years between 1921 and 1945, the figures are included in the total figures of the Morgenstern union and are not given separately. After the mining operations were taken over in 1968 by the Martin Hoop factory Coals that were still mined in the Karl Marx works were no longer shown separately and are included in the figures for the Martin Hoop works.)
literature
- Waldemar May, Otto Stutzer , Eckardt: 75 years of collaboration between the Saxon hard coal mines . Overview of the geological structure of the Ore Mountains hard coal basin. Ed .: District group Saxony of the Zwickau hard coal mining section. Zwickau June 1936, p. 321 .
- Collective of authors: From the Brückenbergschächten to the VEB Steinkohlenwerk Karl Marx Zwickau 1859–1959 . Progress printing company, Erfurt 1960 (company history).
- Author collective: The coal mining in the Zwickau area . Ed .: Steinkohlenbergbauverein Zwickau e. V. Förster & Borries, Zwickau 2000, ISBN 3-00-006207-6 .
- Löffler (Ed.): Mining around Zwickau . Silver, coal, uranium - 1316, 1348, 1945. Museum Priesterhäuser, Zwickau 2003, ISBN 3-933282-19-5 .
- Norbert Peschke : The Zwickau hard coal mining and its coal railways . Zschiesche GmbH, Wilkau-Haßlau 2007, ISBN 978-3-9808512-9-9 .
- Thomas Klemm: The catastrophe of February 22nd, 1960 . The novel about the mine disaster in the VEB coal works "Karl Marx" Zwickau. Grimma 2008.
- Karl-Heinz Baraniak, Klaus Hertel, Thomas Klemm, Wolfgang Ulbricht, Silvia Teichert, Wilfried Stoye: The mine disaster in the VEB coal plant "Karl Marx" Zwickau on February 22, 1960 . Ed .: Steinkohlenbergbauverein Zwickau e. V. / City of Zwickau. Zschiesche GmbH, Wilkau-Haßlau 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813511-0-1 , p. 152 .
- Hans Häber: The explosion . 8:20 a.m. at a depth of 1,000 meters: The mining accident of February 22nd, 1960 in Zwickau: contemporary witnesses, documents, and fate experts. A non-fiction book about a tragic fate and the rumor of the "suicide" of the shooter Y. Band 1 + 2 . DENKart, Gorzów 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-030673-0 .
Web links
- Death in the shaft - Zwickau 1960 ( Memento from November 2, 2003 in the Internet Archive ), report from the MDR series Forgotten Catastrophes
- Special pages of the Free Press on the mine disaster of 1960 (PDF; 4.9 MB)
- Connection rail on sachsenschiene.de
- The former coal mining districts of Zwickau and Lugau-Oelsnitz
- The industrialization of European mining regions in the 19th century (from p. 103)
- Inventory 40119 VEB Steinkohlenwerk Karl Marx Zwickau in the Freiberg mountain archive