Karl Fuchs (geophysicist)

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Karl Fuchs (born January 21, 1932 in Stettin ) is a German geophysicist.

life and work

Fuchs studied in Hamburg, London and Clausthal University of Technology . From 1957 to 1959 he was an exploration geophysicist at Seismos in the Amazon basin of Brazil and the Algerian Sahara before returning to Clausthal, where he received his doctorate in 1963. In 1964/65 he was visiting scholar at Saint Louis University and visiting professor at the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies in Dallas , where he investigated the relationship between seismic spectra and crust structure. In 1965 he went as an assistant to Stephan Mueller , who had founded the Institute for Geophysics at the TH Karlsruhe the year before . In 1968 he completed his habilitation in Karlsruhe and in 1971 became Professor of Geophysics and Director of the Geophysical Institute. In 1997 he retired.

He was a visiting scholar at the Australian National University in Canberra in 1984/85 and a Cox visiting professor at Stanford University in 1990 and 1994 . 1996 and 2001 to 2004 he was visiting scientist of the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park .

Fuchs made Karlsruhe a worldwide center for studying the geophysics of the lithosphere (seismic studies on the structure of the earth's crust). 1971 to 1979 he organized lithospheric seismic profiles in France, Great Britain, Israel and Scandinavia. From 1980 to 1995 he was head of the Stress and Stress Release in the Lithosphere research program . This resulted in the World Stress Map (WSM) Task Force of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP). Fuchs headed the WSM from 1995 to 2002 from the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. After the opening of Eastern Europe, he initiated the Europrobe program and played a key role in initiating the International Continental Deep Drilling Program (ICD) as President of the ILP from 1985 to 1990. From 1998 to 2003 he was on the ICD Council.

His main areas of research are deep seismics to explore the properties and composition of the lithosphere and asthenosphere , continental rift fractures, stress distribution in the lithosphere, continental deep drilling projects, numerical modeling of seismic wave propagation and large earthquakes and their impact on society.

From 1977 to 1979 he was President of the German Geophysical Society (DGG), of which he has been an honorary member since 1992. 1983 to 1985 he was Vice President of the European Union of Geosciences . He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London (1989), the American Geophysical Union (1987), a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (1990) and the Academia Europaea (1990). In 2002 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bucharest. In 2002 he received the Karl Heinrich Heitfeld Prize for Applied Geosciences from the Alfred Wegener Foundation . He is a member of the Royal Astronomical Society .

Fuchs was one of the editors of the Journal of Geophysics from 1975 to 1980 .

literature

  • Friedemann Wenzel (Ed.) Perspectives in Modern Seismology , Springer Verlag 2005 (dedicated to Fuchs on his 70th birthday)

Fonts

  • Editor with Rainer Altherr , Birgit Müller, Claus Prodehl Stress and Stress Release in the Lithosphere - Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Rifts of Western Europe , Tectonophysics, Volume 275, 1997
  • Editor with Altherr, Müller, Prodehl Structure and Dynamic Processes in the Lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift System , Tectonophysics, Volume 278, 1997
  • Editor with Ye. A. Kozlovsky, AIKrivtsov, MD Zoback : Super-Deep Continental Drilling and Deep Geophysical Sounding , Springer Verlag, 1990
  • Editor with K. v. Gehlen, H. Mälzer, Hans Murawski , A. Semmel: Plateau Uplift - The Rhenish Massif - A Case History , Springer Verlag 1983
  • Editor with Henning Illies Approaches to Taphrogenesis , Schweizerbart 1974

Some essays:

  • with B. Mueller World Stress Map of the Earth: a key to tectonic processes and technological applications , Naturwissenschaften, Volume 88, 2001, Issue 9, pp. 357-371
  • with M. Tittgemeyer F. Wenzel, T. Ryberg: Wave propagation in a multiple scattering upper mantle - observations and modeling , Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 127, 1996, pp. 492-502
  • with Mary Lou Zoback , L. Mastin, S. Gregorson, N. Pavoni, O. Stephansson, C. Lunggren: Regional patterns of stress in Europe , J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 97, 1992, pp. 11783-11804
  • Deep drilling into the earth's crust as a direct advance into the physical boundary layer of the solid earth , In: Observation, experiment and theory in natural science and medicine , Verh. Der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, 114th Assembly, Munich, 1986, pp. 105-131
  • with K.-P. Bonjer, D. Gajewski, E. Lüschen, C. Prodehl, K.-J. Sandmeier, F. Wenzel, H. Wilhelm: Crustal evolution of the Rhinegraben area - I. Exploring to lower crust in the Rhinegraben rift by unified geophysical experiment , Tectonophysics, Volume 141, 1987, pp. 261-275
  • with B. Perathoner, C. Prodehl, C, A. Ginzburg: Seismic investigation of crust-mantle transition in continental rift systems - Jordan-Dead Sea Rift and Rhinegraben , Tectonophysics, Volume 80, 1981, pp. 121-133
  • Seismic anisotropy of the subcrustal lithosphere as evidence for dynamical processes in the upper mantle , Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., Vol. 49, 1977, pp. 167-179
  • with K. Schulz: Tunneling of low-frequency waves through the subcrustal lithosphere , J. Geophys., Volume 42, 1976, pp. 175-190
  • Plate tectonics - a hypothesis on the formation of the oceans and the shifting of the continents , Fridericiana, Zeitschrift d. Universität Karlsruhe, CF Müller, Karlsruhe, Issue 12, 1973, pp. 13-29
  • mit Gerhard Müller Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations , Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., Vol. 21, 1971, pp. 261-283
  • On the determination of velocity depth distributions of elastic waves from the dynamic characteristics of the reflected wave field , Z. f. Geophysik, Volume 36, 1970, pp. 531-548
  • On the properties of deep crustal reflectors , Z. f. Geophysik, Volume 35, 1969, pp. 133-150
  • The reflection of spherical waves from transition zones with arbitrary depth-dependent elastic moduli and density , J. Phys. Earth, Volume 16, (Special Issue), 1968, pp. 27-41
  • with G. Dohr Statistical evaluation of deep crustal reflections in Western Germany , Geophysics, Volume 32, 1967, pp. 951-967
  • with M. Landisman: Detailed crustal investigations along a North-South section through the central part of Western Germany. Amer. Geophys. Union, monogr. Ser., 10, 433-452, 1966.
  • Seismic anisotropy of the subcrustal lithosphere as evidence for dynamical processes in the upper mantle , Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc., Vol. 49, 1977, pp. 167-179
  • The transfer function for P-waves for a system consisting of a point source in a layered medium , Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., Vol. 56, 1966, pp. 75-108
  • Synthetic seismograms of P-waves propagating in solid wedges with free boundaries , Geophysics, Volume 31, 1966, pp. 524-535
  • as a member of The German Group for Exploration Seismology : Crustal structure in Western Germany , Z. f. Geophysik, Volume 20, 1964, pp. 209-234
  • with Stephan Mueller, E. Peterschmitt, JP Rothé, A. Stein, K. Strobach: Crust structure of the western Alps after seismic refraction measurements , Gerlach's contributions to geophysics, Volume 72, 1963, pp. 149-169

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A. Hirn, L. Steinmetz, R. Kind, K. Fuchs: Long range profiles in western Europe. II. Fine structure of the lower lithosphere in France (Southern Bretagne) , Z. f. Geophysics, 39, 363-384, 1973
  2. ^ D. Bamford, S. Faber, S., B. Jacob, W. Kaminski, K. Nunn, C. Prodehl, K. Fuchs, R. King, P. Willmore: A lithospheric seismic profile in Britain - I. Preliminary results , Geophys. J., RAS, 44, 145-160, 1976
  3. ↑ A. Ginzburg, K. Fuchs, J. Makris, C. Prodehl, W. Kaminski, U. Amitai: A seismic study of the crust and upper mantle of the Jordan-Dead Sea rift and their transition toward the Mediterranean Sea , J. Geophys. Res. 84, 1569-1582, 1979
  4. ^ Fuchs The Great Earthquakes of Lisbon 1755 and Aceh 2004 Shook the World. Seismologists' Societal Responsibility , in LA Mendes-Victor, CS Oliveira, J. Azevedo, A. Ribeiro (Eds.): The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: Revisited , Springer Verlag 2009, pp. 43-64, Fuchs, Wenzel Erdbeben - Instabile von Megacities. A Scientific and Technical Challenge for the 21st Century , Writings of the Mathematical and Natural Science Class of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, No. 6, 2000
  5. ^ Heitfeld Prize
personal data
SURNAME Fuchs, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geophysicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 21, 1932
PLACE OF BIRTH Szczecin