Carl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein (born July 8, 1798 in Altruppin , † March 22, 1871 in Berlin ) was a German physician and botanist . At the time, he presented sensational, but also controversial, studies on the sap movement of plants and also developed a theory that animal life is not a chemical metabolism , but a continuous internal alternation of the creation and death of rejuvenated forms ( moulting theory ).

Life

Schultz-Schultzenstein was the son of a wealthy council carpenter. He attended grammar school , began an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in 1812 and had been a military pharmacist since 1815. In 1817 he began studying medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelms Institute in Berlin to become a military doctor. But after his dissertation, published in 1822, “About the cycle of juice in celandine, etc.” earned him high praise, he embarked on a steep academic career. In 1822 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1824 he completed his habilitation in physiology , medical botany and natural history and just a year later he became an associate professor of medicine in Berlin. In 1833 his work on the cycle of sap in plants was awarded a prize by the Paris Academy of Sciences , and he became a full professor in Berlin. To better distinguish it from the botanist Carl Heinrich Schultz of the same name , he took the nickname Schultzenstein after his estate near Rheinsberg in 1848 . He was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors .

plant

In his botanical work on the physiology of plants, Schultz-Schultzenstein developed, on the basis of a dynamic vitalism, the view that plants have a nutrient sap and a cycle that correspond to the blood . This teaching was refuted as early as the 1840s, which led Schultz-Schultzenstein to sharp polemics against his critics Julius Meyen and Hugo von Mohl . Another field of work Schultz-Schultzenstein was the plant morphology and development history. Here he described every part of the plant consisting of cells, vessels and epidermis as an "anaphyton" (individual) and postulated that every anaphyton is capable of producing a new plant. A plant grows on the basis of an urge to rejuvenate through the continuous development and repetition of these anaphyta, which are different in shape solely through interaction with the environment. Schultze-Schultzenstein also applied this principle to the animal kingdom, medicine, psychology and finally to society.

Schultze-Schutzenstein's moulting theory was also based on the principle of rejuvenation. He started from the idea that life consists of a constant renewal of the organic elements, which resembles the moult . Accordingly, health exists when the regeneration and moulting of the organic elements are constantly repeated; On the other hand, he attributed disease to abnormal regeneration when the moulting was too weak, inhibited or disturbed, or when it was too strong, excessive or accelerated. Such disturbances could be read off from the excretion of moulting products. Medicines do not heal by themselves, but by promoting the natural healing power of the organism. Like his other theory, this was also vigorously attacked by contemporaries.

Nonetheless, Schultze-Schutzenstein was influential. His work on the physiology of the blood demonstrated the "vesicular nature" of blood cells and became a reference point for Theodor Schwann's theory of cells . Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's natural philosophy and organic atomism borrowed concepts such as the individuality of the parts of an organism . The concept of the rejuvenation process was later taken up again in physiological reproductive theories such as Eduard van Benedens and Victor Hensens .

Fonts

  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: Opii historia naturalis ac medica. Univ., Med. Diss. Berolini, 1821., Berolini 1821.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: The homeobiotic medicine of Theophrastus Paracelsus in its contrast to the medicine of the ancients, as a turning point for the development of the newer medical systems and as the source of homeopathy. Hirschwald, Berlin 1831.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: Outline of the Physiology. An organized draft for lectures, detailing general physiology. Hirschwald, Berlin 1833.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: The system of circulation. Represented in its development through the animal series and in man and with regard to the physiological laws of its pathological deviations. Cotta, Stuttgart, Tübingen, Augsburg 1836.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: Sur la circulation et sur les vaisseaux laticiféres dans les plantes. Hirschwald, Paris, Berlin 1839.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: The Cyklose of the life sap in the plants. Weber, Breslau, Bonn 1841.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: About the rejuvenation of human life and the ways and means to their culture. Presented in practical application after physiological studies. Hirschwald, Berlin 1842.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: The design of the medical reform from the sources of science. Berlin 1846.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: Natural system of general pharmacology according to the active organism of drugs. Hirschwald, Berlin 1846.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz: New system of the morphology of plants according to the organic laws of formation. As a basis for a scientific study of botany, especially at universities and schools. Hirschwald, Berlin 1847.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz and Heinrich Friedrich Link: About the cycle of sap in celandine and several other plants and about the assimilation of raw nutrients in plants in general. Microscopic observations and discoveries by… Carl Heinrich Schultz. With a preface from the Lord ... Link and an illum. Copper plate. Dümmler, Berlin 1822.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz and Karl Karl Zum Stein Altenstein: The life process in the blood. An investigation based on microscopic discoveries. Reimer, Berlin 1822.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz: The plant and the plant kingdom. Presented using a new natural method. Reimer, Berlin 1823.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz: About the cycle of the juice in the plants. Explanatory remarks. Reimer, Berlin 1824.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz: The reproduction and nutrition of plants in connection with the whole plant life and with consideration of the laws of culture according to a natural method. Cotta, Stuttgart, Tübingen 1828.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz: Natural system of the plant kingdom according to its internal organization. In addition to a comparative presentation of the most important of all earlier artificial and natural plant systems. Hirschwald, Berlin 1832.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz: Textbook of general disease theory. Hirschwald, Berlin 1844.
  • CH Schultz-Schultzenstein: The formation of the human spirit through culture of rejuvenation of his life with regard to education for humanity and civilization. Hirschwald, Berlin 1855.
  • Carl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The anaphytosis or rejuvenation of the plants. A key to explaining growing, flowering and fruiting with practical considerations for the culture of the plants. Hirschwald, Berlin 1843.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: Mémoire pour servir de response aux questions de l'Académie Royale des Sciences pour l'anně 1833. Paris 1841.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The organizing spirit of creation as a model for organic nature studies and teaching methods. Berlin 1851.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The natural families of diseases and the remedies corresponding to them with regard to the natural system of pharmacology and general disease theory. Hirschwald, Berlin 1851.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The rejuvenation in the plant kingdom. New information and observations; with 1 plate Hirschwald, Berlin 1851.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The incarnation of God in faith and knowledge explained through the laws of rejuvenation in organic nature. Berlin 1852.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: New System of Psychology. Berlin 1855.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: Morality as healing science and cultural science with relation to the diseases of the zeitgeist. Remak, Berlin 1863.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: Life-Health-Disease-Cure. An impulse to advance science on the way of life. Remak, Berlin 1863.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: About the nature and culture of crises and rejuvenation processes in healing and about Virchow's attacks on the rejuvenation theory. Berlin 1865.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The physiology of the rejuvenation of life. Berlin 1867.
  • Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein: The state of the sciences at universities in relation to life practice, with relation to the admission of secondary school high school graduates to university studies and the path to rebirth. Remak, Berlin 1870.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Member entry by Karl Heinrich Schultz-Schultzenstein at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on March 24, 2016.
  2. ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857


personal data
SURNAME Schultz-Schultzenstein, Carl Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schultz called Schultzenstein, Karl Heinrich; Schultzenstein, Karl Heinrich; Schultz, Carl Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH July 8, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH Altruppin
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1871
Place of death Berlin