Karl Lanckoroński

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Karl Count Lanckoroński
Karl Count Lanckoroński and his (third) wife Margarethe. Painting by Jacek Malczewski (1905)
Count Lanckoroński with his daughters Karolina and Adelajda
The rich art collection was housed in his Viennese palace

Karl Graf Lanckoroński (-Brzezie) (born November 4, 1848 in Vienna ; † July 15, 1933 ibid) was a writer, art collector, patron, research traveler, Vice President of the State Monuments Office and Conservator General for Galicia. He was of Polish descent and one of the richest and most cultured magnates in Austria-Hungary. His Polish name was Karol Lanckoroński.

biography

Lanckoroński attended the Schottengymnasium in Vienna and then studied art history and law, but did not have to work because of the wealth of his family. In the last years of Emperor Franz Joseph's reign and for a time also under Emperor Karl, he was chief chamberlain at the court. In 1882 he took part in a research trip to Lycia led by Otto Benndorf , and in 1885/86 he himself organized a research trip through the Pamphylia and Pisidia landscapes of Asia Minor . Lanckoroński made further trips to East Asia, among others. Together with the painter Ludwig Hans Fischer , he went on a trip around the world. With Hans Makart he traveled to Spain and Portugal. At home in Vienna and on his country estate in Rodzol, he was surrounded by artists such as the art historian Max Dvorak , the painters Böcklin and Makart, the sculptor Rodin, the poet Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach and the poets Rilke and Hofmannsthal. After the First World War, Lanckoroński worked as a monument conservator and played an important role in the conservation of various buildings such as the Wawel in Krakow and other important buildings in Vienna.

The count's first marriage to Maria zu Salm-Reifferscheidt (1859-1897) was short-lived, the marriage, which was concluded in 1878, was declared null and void in 1880. In his second marriage he was born with Franziska Xaveria. von Attems-Heiligenkreuz (1861-1893), daughter of Anton August von Attems-Gilleis , married. From this marriage came the son Anton; Franziska died shortly after Anton was born. In his third marriage he was with Margarethe geb. von Lichnowsky (1863–1954) married. From this marriage came the daughters Adelajda and Karolina .

Services

Lanckoroński sponsored numerous artists, including the poets Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Rainer Maria Rilke , the painters Arnold Böcklin and Hans Makart and the sculptors Auguste Rodin , Victor Tilgner and Caspar von Zumbusch .

In 1894 he was of Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer , the Palais Lanckoroński in neo-baroque style built, which now also the collection Lanckoroński housed - this was exhibited in halls and accessible to visitors. Lanckoroński owned one of the most valuable private art collections in Vienna, including antique sculptures and paintings by Tintoretto , Canaletto , van Goyen, Feuerbach, Makart, Thoma and Rembrandt . The collection and the palace were confiscated by the Gestapo in autumn 1939 . The 1695 works of art were brought to a central depot in Vienna. Hans Posse sifted through the collection and selected 65 works for the Führermuseum Linz. In November 1942 the collection in Immendorf Castle near Vienna was evacuated. At the end of the Second World War it was in the Altaussee salt mine .

The Lanckoroński Palace at Jacquingasse 18 in Vienna was demolished after the Second World War; the rest of the collection is now mainly in Poland. On November 4, 2014, the Count's birthday and name day, a memorial plaque was unveiled at the site of the former palace on the initiative of the Scientific Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Vienna, commemorating Lanckoroński, his palace and his art collection. The establishment of the plaque was financed by the Lanckoroński Foundation.

Between 1894 and 1896 he had the Faniteum built in the Vienna district of Ober Sankt Veit as a mausoleum for his second wife Franziska Xaveria von Attems-Heiligenkreuz, known as "Fani", who died in childbirth. The building was originally the family's country residence. Today it is a listed building and serves as a monastery for the Carmelites .

Publications (selection)

  • Around the Earth 1888-1889. What Karl Count Lanckoroński saw and thought . Cotta, Stuttgart 1891.
  • (Ed.): Cities of Pamphylia and Pisidia . Volumes 1 and 2, Vienna 1892 (digitized volume 1 , volume 2 ).
  • (Ed.): The Cathedral of Aquileia. Its construction and its history . Vienna 1906 ( digitized version ).
  • Artist and art historian. Something about Viennese and other museums from an old art lover . Fromm, Vienna 1924 ( digitized version ).

literature

  • Joanna Winiewicz-Wolska: Karol Lanckoroński and His Viennese Collection , Krakow 2014.
  • Boguslaw Dybas, Anna Ziemlewska, Irmgard Nöbauer (eds.): Karl Lanckoronski and his time , Vienna 2014.
  • Edition series LANCKORONIANA Volume 1–4, Vienna 2015.
  • Camillo Praschniker : Karl Graf Lanckoroński (November 4, 1848 - July 15, 1933). An obituary . In: Almanac of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. 1934.
  • Burghart Häfele: The Lanckoroński Art Collection in the Hohenems Palace. In: emser almanac. No. 14. 7th year. Bucher-Druck Hohenems 2006 (= series of publications by the Hohenems cultural group, contributions to Hohenems topics), ISBN 3-902525-46-0 , pp. 54–70.
  • Karolina Lanckorońska: Courage is innate. Memories of the 1939-1945 war. Böhlau publishing house. Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2003. ISBN 3-205-77086-2
  • Priscilla Waldburg-Zeil: Before meetings and preparatory work for the state exhibition. In: Priscilla Waldburg-Zeil: The palace of Hohenems - light and shadow. From the family history of Waldburg-Zeil-Hohenems and Schönborn-Wiesentheid. Palatia Nyomda és Kiadó Kft Győr 2004, ISBN 963-86305-9-0 , pp. 419-429.
  • Hedwig Kenner :  Lanckoroński, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 475 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Lanckoroński-Brzezie, Karl Gf .. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 423.

Web links

Commons : Karol Lanckoroński  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Lanckoroński Collection in the Wawel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Holdings in the catalogs of the Austrian National Library Vienna

personal data
SURNAME Lanckoroński, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lanckoroński-Brzezie, Karl Graf; Brzezie, Karl Lanckoronski from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian art collector, archaeologist and monument conservator
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1933
Place of death Vienna