Karl Wicklmayr

Charles Borromeo Alois Wicklmayr (born 31 March 1904 in Gumpersdorf ; died 26. November 1983 in Landshut ) was a German lawyer and chief of police in Würzburg in the era of National Socialism .

Life

Karl Wicklmayr was the son of an elementary school teacher in Gumpersdorf (am Inn). After elementary school he attended the humanistic grammar school in Landshut until he graduated from high school in 1923. From 1923 to 1929 he studied law and political science at the University of Erlangen and the University of Munich . During his studies he joined the Corps Palatia Munich in 1923 . He passed the first state examination in 1929 and the second in 1932. After completing his studies, he settled in Landshut as a lawyer and, after the transfer of power to the National Socialists, ran an economically very successful practice. It was founded in 1943 with a thesis The Waidgerechtigkeit as a condition of hunting for Dr. jur. PhD . Wicklmayr married and had three children.

Wicklmayr first joined the NSDAP in Landshut in 1922. He belonged to the SA 1922/23 and from June 1923 to the Bund Reichskriegsflagge . He was a participant in the Hitler putsch in Munich in 1923 and received the Blood Order for it in 1934 . After the party ban, he worked as a party speaker for the NSDAP in the mid to late 1920s and from 1928 as legal advisor to the SA Standard 16. On May 1, 1929 he became a member of the NSDAP again ( membership number 128.112) and in 1932 of the SA , in the he reached the rank of SA-Oberführer in 1942 . In April 1944 he applied for his membership to be transferred to the SS . In Landshut he was the district group leader of the NS-Rechtswahrerbund (NSRB).

On July 1, 1936, he was appointed police director in Würzburg, and on July 1, 1941, he was promoted to police chief there. From 1936 to 1940 he was also acting head of the state police station in Würzburg. From 1937 he was Gauwalter of the NSRB and Gaurerechtsberater in Gau Mainfranken in Würzburg . From July 1944 he was the representative of the vacant district president in the Prussian administrative district of Schneidemühl . In the final phase of the Second World War , in April 1945, he was still the liaison leader of the Reichsführer SS and the Reich Ministry of the Interior with Commander-in-Chief Southwest.

On June 7, 1941, Wicklmayr applied to the Reich Main Security Office for protective custody for the Würzburg wine merchant Arnold Weinstein and also for the dentist H., who was friends with Weinstein. Although as a Jew, Weinstein was forbidden to take photographs in public spaces, he had photographed architectural monuments; H. was to be cured of his Unarian behavior in the concentration camp. Weinstein was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp , where he was hanged. Wicklmayr rejected a request for release from prison by H.'s father. H. also came to Dachau and was released after three months in a concentration camp.

Wicklmayr was arrested in Munich at the end of May 1945 and was imprisoned in various Allied internment camps until September 1948. The denazification of the internment camp Regensburg classified him in September 1948 as "tainted" and sentenced him to three years in labor camp. The Regensburg Appeals Chamber recognized him for his stance against the district and district leadership, lifted the sentence and classified him as a “minor offender”. In the follow-up proceedings on August 3, 1949 , he was classified as a " fellow traveler " of level IV, he was thus "denazified" . He earned his living as a commercial clerk in Landshut in a paint factory.

In June 1950, Wicklmayr was indicted in five cases of deprivation of liberty before the Würzburg regional court . In addition to Weinstein and H., three people had become victims of the Holocaust after being brought to a concentration camp by Wicklmayr . The CSU member of the Bundestag Wilhelm Laforet spoke as a witness in his favor. Wicklmayr was acquitted in all cases. The judgment was overturned by the Federal Court of Justice following the appeal by the Würzburg public prosecutor . After another trial, Wicklmayr was sentenced to one year in prison in May 1952 for depriving dentist H. of his liberty. The duration of the previous internment was taken into account, so that Wicklmayr was released immediately. The public prosecutor had demanded a sentence of four years in prison, the clerk in the Bavarian Ministry of Justice Meyer noted in an internal judgment that the minimum sentence was three years in prison, but prison only in extenuating circumstances.

Namesake

There seems to be some confusion in historical research. Karl Friedrich Wicklmayr (also Carl Friedrich Wicklmayr) was leader of a guard company in Dachau concentration camp with the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer . In 1951 he was sentenced to six years in prison for the killing of prisoners by the Munich II regional court (Da 12 Js 1649/48 Munich II; 12 Ks 5/51 LG Munich II). This confusion between the two people and their convictions can be found among others. a. in the letter from the Central Office of the State Judicial Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes , with which on August 15, 1988 an inquiry from the Canadian historian Robert Gellately about the investigation into Würzburg Nazi perpetrators was answered.

literature

• Regional Court of Würzburg, May 17, 1952 . In: Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German criminal convictions for Nazi homicides 1945–1966, Vol. VIII, edited by Adelheid L. Rüter-Ehlermann, HH Fuchs, CF Rüter . Amsterdam: University Press, 1972, No. 318 pp. 743-770 Application for protective custody warrants in five cases. The victims were then sent to a KL by the Reich Security Main Office. Four of them were killed there

Web links

• Literature by and about Karl Wicklmayr in the catalog of the German National Library
• Joachim Lilla : Wickelmayr, Karl in: ders .: Minister of State, senior administrative officials and (NS) functionaries in Bavaria from 1918 to 1945.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Biographical data with Joachim Lilla and in the court judgment
2. ↑ SA Oberführer Dr. jur. Karl Wicklmayr, Police President of Würzburg, District President in Schneidemühl - Request to change from SA to SS , NS 19/3104 at the Federal Archives
3. ^ Andreas Eichmüller: No general amnesty. The prosecution of Nazi crimes in the early Federal Republic . Munich: Oldenbourg, 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-70412-9 , p. 52
4. ↑ Edith Raim: West German investigations and trials on the Dachau concentration camp and its satellite camps , in: Ludwig Eiber , Robert Sigl (ed.): Dachauer Trials - NS crimes before American military courts in Dachau 1945–1948 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8353-0167-2 , p. 218
5. ^ Writing in: Robert Gellately: The Gestapo and the German Society. The Enforcement of Racial Policy 1933–1945 . Paderborn: Schöningh, 1994, pp. 294-300