Karmapa conflict

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From the point of view of the Karma Kagyu School, the Karmapas line is the oldest tulk line in Tibetan Buddhism . The lineage is significant as the Karmapas are the traditional main lineage holders of the Karma Kagyu school. However, there is a conflict over who is the 17th Karmapa. A few years after the death of the 16th Karmapa in 1981, two possible candidates were found.

Summary

Karmapa Urgyen Trinley Dorje

There are two contenders - Urgyen Trinley Dorje and Thaye Dorje - each supported by several respected lamas of the Karma-Kagyu lineage. Both are enthroned as the 17th Karmapa, i. H. have been empowered to practice Karmapa through a ceremony and perform ceremonial and ritual tasks. They met in person for the first time on October 11, 2018 to get to know each other.

The official enthronement of two people as the 17th Karmapa has led to contentious debates among Karma Kagyu followers around the world. Sometimes people accuse each other of dividing the line, lying and wrongdoing. It is therefore very difficult to present an objective picture of what is happening, because the most important developments are only known to the parties involved. Again, some voices point to earlier cases of multiple incarnations of a lama in Tibetan Buddhism, without the teaching being damaged. But there are also other double lineage holders in Tibetan Buddhism.

Recognition of the Karmapas

Just like in any other Tulkulinie the issue of recognition of the new is born again crucial for the continuation of the line. Sometimes all parties involved are certain that a particular child is indeed a reincarnation of a particular master. Sometimes this is not the case, as with the 8th, 10th and 12th Karmapa (each case has been resolved). A new debate arose with the appointment of the 17th Karmapa.

Karmapa Thaye Dorje

Historically, many Karmapas have identified themselves. This means that many Karmapas (at least 7 of the previous 16 Karmapa incarnations) claimed to be the reincarnated Karmapa at an early age, mostly by recognizing companions and colleagues from previous incarnations. Most of the Karmapas also left indications of their next rebirth, often in the form of letters. Such letters describe the place and home of the next incarnation, but often in a poetic form, which makes it difficult to interpret and locate. In any case, the closest spiritual companions of the previous incarnation played a crucial role in the process of recognition of the next Karmapa. After all, it is they, the realized and fully formed Buddhist masters who were closely associated with the previous incarnation, who train and teach the new Karmapa.

Since first recognition in the early 13th century, several lamas have participated in the recognition process. Those who recognize the incarnation are not necessarily those who were the Karmapa's main disciples or who will receive a prediction of his rebirth. From the previous Karmapas, Situ Rinpoche recognized the 8th Karmapa. Together with Shamarpa he recognized the 9th Karmapa, together with Gyaltsap Rinpoche the 14th Karmapa and together with the 2nd Jamgon Kongtrul he recognized the 16th Karmapa. Gyaltsap Rinpoche recognized the 7th and 13th Karmapa.

Two centuries earlier, the recognition of the incarnation of Shamar Rinpoche, historically the second most important lineage holder of the Karma Kagyu after the Karmapa, was forbidden due to a political dispute with the then politically ruling Gelug school. This claimed that the 10th Shamarpa was involved in a Nepalese invasion of Tibet. (The ban was lifted by the current 14th Dalai Lama in 1963 at the request of the 16th Karmapa ). Shamar Rinpoche had historically recognized the 5th, 6th, 10th and 11th Karmapa alone. A group he had put together recognized the 12th Karmapa under his directive. Together with the then Situpa, he recognized the 8th Karmapa. The other incarnations were found by other lamas.

Current conflict of recognition of the 17th Karmapa

Section is not adequately provided with evidence ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Some evidence of recognition of the respective candidate by the specified lamas and rinpoches is missing, e.g. Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang Rinpoche
  • Of the two candidates is Urgyen Trinley Dorje of 12 Situ Rinpoche , of 12 Gyaltsap Rinpoche , the 14th Dalai Lama (highest Trülku the Gelug -Schule) of Sakya Trizin (head of the Sakya School) as well as Mindroling Trichen Rinpoche (head of the Nyingma School). Confirmation by the Dalai Lama came after Situ Rinpoche and Gyaltsap Rinpoche officially asked him on June 7, 1992 to examine and confirm their recognition. Other prominent Kagyu Lamas who accept the recognition of Urgyen Trinley Dorje are the 9th Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche, the 9th Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, the 7th Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche and his Nalandabodhi organization, the 7th Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche (the youngest Son of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche ), the 3rd Tenga Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, Bokar Rinpoche, the 3rd Bardor Tulku Rinpoche, Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche and his organization, Lupon Rinpoche and his monastery, Akong Rin Rinpoche and others. Urgyen Trinley is also recognized by several highly respected reborn lamas currently underage including the 4th Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpoche, the 11th Pawo Rinpoche, the 3rd Kalu Rinpoche, and the 12th Surmang Trungpa Rinpoche. Each of these young lamas is recognized in return by Urgyen Trinley himself or in coordination with him by Karma-Kagyu lamas.
  • The candidate Trinley Thaye Dorje was born by the 14th Shamarpa (Künzig Shamar Mipham Tschökyi Lodrö), by Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang Rinpoche (head of the Drikung-Kagyu school), Chogye Trichen Rinpoche (head of the Tshar tradition of the Sakya school), Ludhing Khenchen Rinpoche ( Head of the Ngor tradition of the Sakya School), Khenchen Trinley Paljor Rinpoche, Lama Jigme Rinpoche (brother of Shamar Rinpoche), Sherab Gyaltsen Rinpoche, Khenpo Chodrak Tenphel Rinpoche, Shangpa Rinpoche, Lopön Tsechu Rinpoche (deceased in 2003) and other high-ranking and world-class spiritualists Recognized dignitaries. One of the well-known supporters of Trinley Thaye Dorje in the west is Ole Nydahl .

Beru Khyentse Rinpoche has a much less popular view. He declares that both Karmapas are legitimate. Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche agrees, declaring that "if it was up to my father (Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche) , both would be respected and receive pure appreciation . "

The controversy is an unfortunate affair for both sides. Practitioners on both sides of the controversy also tend to be convinced that the aspirants' future actions and spiritual realizations will clearly show who the true reincarnation of the 16th Karmapa is. The right person will become clear to everyone through their demeanor and actions.

Furthermore, the supporters of both camps agree that a contentious dispute is not conducive and that practice has priority. There are two ways of dealing with the Karmapa question:

  • Many followers of the school wait until the situation is cleared up before making their personal decisions regarding the Karmapa as their direct Vajrayana teacher. Until then, the Karmapas are fully available for their followers as meditation teachers anyway, because from this point of view it is not about the person, but about the human-spiritual potential of compassionate action, for which the person of the Karmapa is only representative.
  • Other practitioners are more concerned with the person than with the principle of enlightened action, otherwise anyone who is actively compassionate could be declared a Karmapa: Karmapa is unique and has only reincarnated in one individual in his past incarnations. Even if fundamental devotion to the role. of the Karmapa could be helpful, as the acceptance into this role could not replace a real realization and consequently also not replace the beneficial work and the spiritual power of the Karmapa.

Candidate Urgyen Trinley Dorje

Urgyen Trinley Dorje was born on June 26, 1985 to a nomadic tribe in Eastern Tibet . At the age of seven he was ceremonially enthroned in Tsurphu Monastery , which is the traditional seat of the Karmapa Lamas in Tibet. In late December 1999, he escaped his communist Chinese guards, who were preventing him from most of his traditional studies and teaching, and fled into exile via the Himalayan mountains to India .

View of the supporters Urgyen Trinley Dorjes

After the death of the 16th Karmapa, Shamar Rinpoche, Tai Situ Rinpoche , Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche and Goshir Gyaltsab Rinpoche agreed to set up a rulership council to jointly take responsibility for the spiritual affairs of the Karma Kagyu lineage. The reign is changed every three years.

Urgyen Trinley Dorjes' supporters claim that his birth and parentage are consistent with the prediction of Chogyur Lingpa , who had prophetic visions of various events affecting the lives of the 14th through the 21st Karmapa. Many believe that Lingpa's statement that the spirits of Tai Situpa and Karmapa are "inseparable into one" relates to the 17th Karmapa and the current Tai Situ Rinpoche. "The name ... is intended to show that there is disagreement in this reincarnation and that the mind of the 17th Karmapa and the mind of Tai Situ Rinpoche are inseparable," explains Kagyu Lama Thrangu Rinpoche , one of Urgyen Trinley Dorje's teachers. Although the 16th Karmapa left two letters stating his rebirth in Tibet, it is not the two letters but another prophetic document, hidden in a medallion and given to Tai Situ, which Shamar Rinpoche later criticized.

In January 1981, nine months before his death, the 16th Karmapa gave the 12th Tai Situpa an amulet with a yellow brocade cover and said to him: “This is your protective amulet. It will do great benefit in the future. ”Although Tai Situpa wears the medallion on a gold chain for about a year after the Karmapa's death, he puts it in a side pocket without realizing its meaning or the message it contains. In 1989 Tai Situpa followed an intuition, opened the amulet and found the third prediction in a letter on the envelope of which it was written "Open in the year of the iron horse". The letter says that the Karmapa would be reborn “north, east of the snow region”. An interpretation of this sentence at a meeting of the four regents in March 1992, it was assumed that he would be reborn in a certain valley in eastern Tibet. The letter is shown on the Kagyu Center website and includes the following:

“From here to the north [in the] east of the snow [region]
is there a land where involuntarily divine thunder rumbles.
[In] a beautiful nomad camp under the sign of the cow,
Compassion is Döndrub and wisdom is Lolaga.
[Born in] the year of the one who serves the earth
[With] the miraculous, far-reaching sound of a white man:
[This] is the one known as the Karmapa. "

Urgyen Trinley Dorje's mother's name is Loga ; his father's name is Karma Döndrub Tashi, a name given to him by the 16th Karmapa. Although the search party sent to find Urgyen Trinley Dorje is unaware of the letter, the prediction in the letter of the 16th Karmapa is close to the names of Urgyen Trinley Dorje's parents. According to Michele Martin, the letter is to be interpreted in such a way that the Karmapa [is] born ... in the vicinity of Lhathok , which translated means 'divine' ( lha ) thunder ( thog ). The name of the remote nomad community where Urgyen Trinley Dorje was born is Bagor, where ba means 'cow'. The next line refers to his parents, the compassion (or method), motif of the male Buddha, refers to his father Döndrub , the wisdom , motif of the female Buddha, refers to his mother Lolaga. The one who serves the earth points to a farm animal. Urgyen Trinley Dorje was born in 1985 in the year of the ox. The far-reaching sound of a white one indicates the sound of the conch-horn, which miraculously echoed in heaven hours after the Karmapa's birth. (Michele Martin, Music in the Sky , Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 2003.)

On May 22, 1992, one month before his seventh birthday, Urgyen Trinley Dorje was discovered near Bagor, Lhatok, in eastern Tibet. On the website of the Kagyu Center:

“After considering the evidence and further meetings with Your Eminences Tai Situ Rinpoche, Tsurphu Gyaltsab Rinpoche and Shamar Rinpoche, His Holiness the Dalai Lama issues the Buktham Rinpoche, the official announcement of the Dalai Lama’s recognition of His Holiness the 17th Karmapa's identity "

Urgyen Trinley Dorje was enthroned in Tsurphu Monastery in Tibet on September 27, 1992 . The ceremony was attended by 20,000 people. He lived in Tsurphu for another seven years. In June 1993, Chinese delegates declared at the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna that this Karmapa would one day replace the Dalai Lama as the leader of the Tibetans. At the end of 1999, 14-year-old Urgyen Trinley Dorje decided that the restrictions imposed on him by the Chinese government were restricting his ability to teach his students and receive the teachings of the linemen too much. In the middle of winter he made a daring escape across the Himalayas, escaped the Chinese authorities and followed his way through Nepal to Dharamsala , India, where he arrived on January 5, 2000. Further details of his escape can be read in a press release.

Urgyen Trinley Dorje himself doubted in several lectures that he was a consciously reborn teacher. "I have no reason to assume that I am the reincarnation of any great lama," he said, for example, on March 4, 2018 to his disciples during the 35th Kagyu Monlam.

Candidate Thaye Dorje

Thaye Dorje was born on May 6, 1983 in Lhasa , Tibet . His father, Mipham Rinpoche, is the reincarnation of an important lama of the Nyingma school. In October 1986, Chobgye Tri Rinpoche, senior Sakya master and lineage holder of one of the three Sakya lineages, contacted the Shamarpa and informed him of a dream about a relative from Lhasa who brought him a picture and repeatedly claimed that this was the Karmapa. In 1988 Lopön Tsechu Rinpoche was sent out to get more information about the child. Another lama was later sent anonymously to meet the family and the boy without giving the real reason for his visit. At the meeting with the emissary, the boy immediately said, "You were sent because of me." This incident and further evidence convinced the Shamarpa that this boy is indeed the reincarnation of the 16th Karmapa. In March 1994, Thaye Dorje fled Tibet with his family and traveled to New Delhi , where he was formally recognized in a welcoming ceremony. In the following years he received extensive training at the Karmapa International Buddhist Institute in Delhi and in Kalimpong under the guidance of exceptional teachers such as Sempa Dorje, Khenpo Chödrak Rinpoche and others. Since 2000 he has been traveling to the West again and again. The largest event was the closing event of his 2015 visit to Europe, which was attended by 7,500 people.

View of the supporters Thaye Dorjes

Thaye Dorje's supporters claim that the Shamarpa actually recognized the Karmapa and therefore no additional recognition is necessary or even effective. Supporters point out that Karma Pakshi, the 2nd Karmapa, predicted that "future Karmapas will manifest themselves in two forms of nirmanakaya." The 3rd Karmapa saw the fulfillment of this prophecy in the 1st Shamarpa by giving the born again Shamarpa a special relationship Karmapas transmitted. This would be supported by other sources in the older Kagyu literature, where often the symbol of the two Karmapas can be found, the black and the red hat (or crown). Earlier reincarnations of the Shamarpas were also often called the Karmapa and can only be distinguished by comparing the names of earlier Karmapas. The 16th Karmapa confirmed this special role for the Karmapas:

“The Most Sublime in the Land of Snow is Avalokiteśvara.
The glorious Karmapa unites its essence.
Not separated from his three gates, in the three ways of the three lords of families, he
shows himself in his great radiation, the sublime sun.
I use him as the sovereign of the practice line. May he [...] successfully and permanently be sovereign of the order. "

Supporters accuse Tai Situpa of forging the letter allegedly written by the 16th Karmapa and hidden in an amulet with clues about his incarnation. The supporters of Thaye Dorjes are calling for the letter to be checked by independent experts and writing experts . So far, Tai Situ has refused to allow the review.

Supporters of Thaye Dorje are well aware of the prophecies of the Chogyur Lingpa about the 17th Karmapa and claim that the prophecy was fulfilled by the 16th Karmapa: after the 14th Karmapa a Karmapa died too early to be enthroned. At a meeting, the 16th Karmapa and Tai Situpa exchanged views on the Mahamudra. This would have merged their spirit and the prophecy described was fulfilled. This line of reasoning may seem constructed, but this changes once it becomes clear what source Shamar Rinpoche relies on for his line of reasoning. It is the same Chogyur Lingpa from whom the prophecy comes, who in his autobiography suggests the counting method mentioned by Shamar Rinpoche. This explains the prophecy of the 5th Karmapa, Deshin Shegpa, that between the end of the life of the 16th Karmapa and the beginning of the life of the 17th Karmapa, the Chinese emperor will be overthrown and the Chinese will occupy Tibet.

Although Urgyen Trinley Dorje's followers stress that he is the only candidate enthroned in Tibet, both candidates were born in Tibet, so the prophecy of the return to Tibet in the two letters is fulfilled by both candidates.

Some of Thaye Dorje's supporters also point out that the Dalai Lama recognition of Geoffrey Samuel from New Zealand was reviewed in connection with a court case and is not required for the Karmapas. Historically, only the 13th and 14th Dalai Lamas have recognized Karmapas, with the 13th Dalai Lama's office first trying to recognize a false 16th Karmapa candidate. It is also interesting that Tai Situpa and Gyaltsab Rinpoche did not tell the Dalai Lama in 1992 that Shamarpa did not agree with their election when they asked the Dalai Lama to confirm Urgyen Trinley as Karmapa.

Finally, some Thaye Dorje's supporters claim that Tai Situpa and Urgyen Trinley are puppets in the hands of communist China, which Urgyen Trinley planned to use to exert greater influence on Tibet. According to supporters of Thaye Dorjes, China has a plan to appoint its chosen Karmapa as the spiritual leader of Tibet once the current Dalai Lama dies. An article in the respected Swiss business magazine Match Akong and Thrangu Rinpoche are responsible for the links to China.

Ole Nydahl said that time would tell which of the two holders is the actual Karmapa, as the candidates' actions will either confirm their reincarnation or not. He and other lamas who support Thaye Dorje have called on the two young men to meet and discuss.

Recent developments

Rumtek Monastery

The leadership of Rumtek Monastery , the exile seat of the 16th Karmapa, is fiercely contested among the rival candidates. In 1961 the 16th Karmapa founded the Karmapa Charitable Trust , a charitable foundation that ensured the continued existence of the Karma-Kagyu lineage and whose donations went to the Rumtek Monastery in particular. Urgyen Trinley's supporters claim the trust was set up solely to allow the Karmapa followers to see their wealth, to provide funding for the maintenance of the monastery, medical fees for the monks, etc. The highest Indian court ruled in 2003 that the Karmapa Charitable Trust has a claim on Rumtek's property. Most of the members of the trust are followers of Karmapa Thaye Dorje.

According to the Shamarpa official website, Urgyen Trinley Dorje met with Shamarpa in New Delhi on January 9th, 2007. Urgyen Trinley Dorje expressed his wish to meet Shamarpa in 2005 and asked Drigung Chetsang Rinpoche to bring this message to Shamarpa. The second time Chökyi Nyima brought this wish, which Shamarpa accepted, and then arranged a face-to-face meeting between Urgyen Trinley Dorje and Shamarpa. Dawa Tsering, executive director of Shamarpa’s office, said Urgyen Trinley Dorje “believed that this meeting would bring peace to the Kagyu School and thereby help the Buddha Dharma flourish.” He added that the meeting would be a base lay for a reunion for all in the Dharma Sangha . "That is why such an initiative should be valued by everyone."

According to a message from August 23, 2010 on the website of Trinley Thaye Dorje , on August 13, 2010, Shamarpa and the Dalai Lama met in Dharamsala for about an hour and a half, during which perspectives on the ongoing Karmapa conflict were exchanged and possible solutions were discussed. Although the matter is difficult to resolve due to the interweaving of Chinese and Indian politics, the Shamarpa expressed his confidence in the communication that, with the blessing and support of the Dalai Lama, an amicable solution for the benefit of the Karma Kagyu lineage and the Tibetan Buddhism as a whole can be found.

In 2011 the house where Karmapa Urgyen Trinley lives was searched. Large amounts of cash in Chinese currency were seized and a lawsuit against this Karmapa and two of his co-workers, which was soon suspended but recently resumed, was initiated. The Indian authorities are very sensitive on this point, as they fear that China could, with the help of Karmapa Urgyen Trinley, exert influence on the Tibetans in exile in India.

On March 4, 2018 Urgyen Trinley Dorje published a video on his official YouTube channel. It was translated into English by the official American translator David Karma Choephel. In it he declares several times that he is a simple person and in particular that he is not the rebirth of any lama. His students interpret this as the usual expression of his modesty and not as evidence against his authenticity. He also speaks in the video about his personal difficulties in performing his duties and asks practitioners to reconsider dividing the Karma Kagyu lineage.

On October 11, 2018, the two Karmapas issued a statement in which they wrote that they had met in France for several days to get to know each other, to work together and to overcome the difficulties in the Karma Kagyu lineage together. They expressed their hope that a deep connection would develop between them.

In late December 2018, the Times of India reported that the Indian government would not recognize Ugyen Trinley as a legitimate Buddhist dignitary.

In January 2019, accusations of a woman alleging that she had been sexually exploited by Orgyen Thrinle Dorje were circulated in the Taiwanese media.

In October 2019, both Karmapas Trinley Thaye Dorje and Ogyen Trinley Dorje jointly published a long life prayer for the rebirth of the second highest lineage holder Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche. A mutual agreement on this succession could prevent a final split in the line.

literature

Publications before the conflict

  • Nik Douglas and Meryl White: Karmapa, the Black Hat Lama of Tibet. 1975, ISBN 0-7189-0187-8 .
  • Karma Thinley: The History of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet. 1980, ISBN 1-57062-644-8 .
    • German: Karma Thinley: The Karmapa Papers - The story of the sixteen Karmapas of Tibet. Verrückter Yogi Verlag, Bochum 2009, ISBN 978-3-940197-16-0 .

Recommendations from supporters Urgyen Trinley Dorjes

  • Michele Martin (Ed.): Moments of Enlightenment. The teachings and poems of the 17th Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje. Theseus-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89620-242-1 . (Written by a translator who lived in Nepal and India for several years and also made many trips to Tibet. The book contains an extensive collection of his poems and teachings as well as the life stories of the previous 16 Karmapas)
  • Mick Brown: The Dance of 17 Lives: The Incredible True Story of Tibet's 17th Karmapa. Bloomsbury, New York 2004, ISBN 0-7475-7161-9 .
  • Lea Terhune: Karmapa: The Politics of Reincarnation. Wisdom Publications, Boston 2004, ISBN 0-86171-180-7 . (Provides background information on the current situation and an overview of Urgyen Trinley Dorje's life. Lea Terhune is a student of Tai Situ Rinpoche.)
  • Ken Holmes: His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa Urgyen Trinley Dorje. Altea Publishing, Forres 1995, ISBN 0-9524555-4-4 . (Also includes details about the lives of the previous Karmapas.)
  • Gaby Naher: Wrestling the Dragon: In search of the Boy Lama Who Defied China. Random House, Sydney 2004, ISBN 1-74051-279-0 . (As stated in the book itself, it is a fictional account that incorporates facts. It is essentially a meeting of the author with Urgyen Trinley Dorje.)

Recommendations from the supporters Thaye Dorjes

  • Tomek Lehnert: bully in robes. An inside story on the recent Sino-Tibetan intrigue in the Karma Kaggu Lineage of Diamond Way Buddhism. Blue Dolphin Publishing, 2000. (The author is a student of Thaye Dorje.)
  • Erik D. Curren: Buddha's Not Smiling: Uncovering Corruption at the Heart of Tibetan Buddhism Today. Alaya Press, Staunton, VA 2005, ISBN 0-9772253-0-5 . (The book, the only title by a newly founded publishing house, places the conflict in the context of the dispute between the Karma Kagyu lineage and the Dalai Lama's government in Tibet and in exile. The author is a student of Shamar Rinpoche.)
  • Karmapa Thaye Dorje, Gilles van Grasdorff: The Buddhist book of wisdom and love. Edition Milarepa, Amsterdam 2005, ISBN 90-805823-5-2 .

Web links

Recommendations from supporters Urgyen Trinley Dorjes

Recommendations from the supporters Thaye Dorjes

media

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ alternative spelling: Ogyen Trinley Dorje
  2. ^ A b Joint statement of His Holiness Trinley Thaye Dorje and His Holiness Ogyen Trinley Dorje - The 17th Karmapa: Official website of Thaye Dorje, His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa . In: The 17th Karmapa: Official website of Thaye Dorje, His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa . October 11, 2018 ( karmapa.org [accessed October 13, 2018]).
  3. ↑ a b [1] A supporter of Urgyen Trinley Dorjes on previous controversies
  4. ↑ For the position of the Shamarpas in the line, see: http://kagyuoffice.org/gyalwang-karmapas-teachings-on-the-vajradhara-lineage-prayer-session-one-great-masters-of-the-karma-kamtshang -lineage /
  5. ↑ More recent historical research assigns Shamarpa a mediating role in the conflict. Compare Archived copy ( Memento of December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ a b Ken Holmes: Karmapa Urgyen Trinley Dorje. ISBN 3-89568-027-3 , p. 56.
  7. ↑ http://www.nalandabodhi.org/
  8. ↑ Head of the Karma Triyana Dharmachakra ( Memento of May 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Shambhala International
  10. ↑ Samye Ling
  11. ^ Statement by Beru Khyentse Rinpoche on the Karmapa conflict ( Memento from February 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Entire text of the letter ( Memento of October 11, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Urgyen Trinley Dorjes Biography ( Memento from October 13, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ Die Presse , Vienna, June 17, 1993, page 2: AM RANDE DER KONFERENZ .
  15. ↑ Press release on Urgyen Trinley Dorjes Escape ( Memento from October 18, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ^ Karmapa: Special Message from His Holiness the Karmapa. March 4, 2018, accessed March 6, 2018 .
  17. ↑ http://karmapa-in-deutschland.de/europa-zentrum-2015.php
  18. ↑ Karmapa Ogyen Trinley also takes this position in: Gyalwang Karmapa's Teachings on the Vajradhara Lineage Prayer February, 26th, 2012, Bodhgaya.
  19. ↑ The 16th Karmapa: Long life prayer for Shamarpa, in: Gesammelte Schriften, quoted in n. Karma Trinlay Rinpoche: The 14th Shamarpa Mipham Chokyi Lodro, p. 6.
  20. ↑ Shamarpa's speech at the International Karma Kagyu Conference 1996 in New Delhi ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Shamarpa on Chogyur Lingpa's prophecy
  22. ↑ see A short History of the Karma Kagyu Lineage. Appendix p. 51.
  23. ↑ Geoffrey Samuel on recognition by the Dalai Lama
  24. ↑ http://karmapaissue.wordpress.com/2014/04/03/ein-falscher-kandidat-fur-den-16-karmapa/
  25. ↑ This is reflected in the conditional recognition of the Dalai Lama, where it says: "The tulkus, lamas and the sangha from Tibet and from outside [...] asked with established devotion and hope for the advice whether this was the rebirth of the Karmapa." http://material-karmapa-kontroverse.weebly.com/chronologie-der-ereignisse.html footnote 13
  26. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ Confirmation for the 17th Karmapa Thaye Dorje: Karmapa Charitable Trust recognized by the Supreme Court of India as the legal owner of the Rumtek Monastery (2004)
  28. ↑ January, 2007 His Holiness Shamarpa Rimpoche met His Holiness Orgyen Trinley Rinpoche, shamarpa.org, archived copy ( Memento of February 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  29. ↑ August, 2010 Shamarpa Rimpoche met His Holiness Dalai Lama, karmapa.org, [2]
  30. ↑ Top Tibetan Monk on Money Laundering Charge
  31. ↑ Arnaud Dotezac in the Schweizer Wirtschaftsblatt Market : Buddhist soft power, Chinese-style ( Memento from 23 August 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  32. ^ Karmapa: Special Message from His Holiness the Karmapa. Retrieved January 11, 2019 .
  33. ↑ Lilly Greenblatt: Karmapa shares personal struggles, calls for reconciliation in his community. In: Lion's Roar. March 15, 2018; Retrieved January 11, 2019 (American English).
  34. ^ Gabriel Lefferts: Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje Calls for Reevaluation amid Division. March 12, 2018, accessed January 11, 2019 .
  35. ↑ 'Dorje no longer recognized by Indian govt as 17th Karmapa' - Times of India. Retrieved January 11, 2019 .
  36. ↑ media report, Chinese Ettoday, Taiwan
  37. ^ Joint long life prayer for Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche's reincarnation by Trinley Thaye Dorje and Ogyen Trinley Dorje. October 27, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019 (American English).