Gyalwa Karmapa
Gyalwa Karmapa ( Tib .: rgyal ba kar ma pa, Tibetan : རྒྱལ་བ་ ཀར་ མ་ པ, also: “Black Hat Lama”, Tib .: zhwa nag bla ma, Tibetan: ཞྭ་ ནག་ བླ་ མ; Chin. Gamaba噶玛巴 （大 宝 法王) is the title of the highest lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism .
Head and highest lama of the Karma Kagyu school
The Gyalwa Karmapas have a long tradition in the history of Tibet . The 1st Gyalwa Karmapa was Je Düsum Khyenpa (German: "Knower of the Three Times"), who founded the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism ( Vajrayana ) as an independent line . In the 13th century - as a kind of spiritual succession - the system of Trülkus , the "conscious rebirth", was introduced by the Karma-Kagyu. The first Gyalwa Karmapa Düsum Khyenpa (1206–1283) had prophesied that he would reincarnate and reveal himself as the rebirth of the Karmapa. This system continues to this day. Conscious incarnations of lamas existed before the time of Karma Pakshi, but the Gyalwa Karmapas announced their rebirths in letters, poems or the like. From the perspective of the Karma-Kagyu, Karmapa's coming was already announced at the time of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni . Even before his appearance as Gyalwa Karmapa, there are said to have been incarnations of the Karmapa as Saraha or as Guru Chöwang , one of the 25 most important disciples of Guru Rinpoche .
Gyalwa Karmapas are viewed in Tibetan Buddhism as people ( Nirmāṇakāya ) who, out of compassion, have decided to reincarnate into life or "into ordinary human existence" in order to be able to serve other beings, even though they are enlightened beings ( Bodhisattva ) could have left the cycle of rebirth . They are considered to be the emanations of Avalokiteshvara (Tib. Spyan ras gzigs ; Chenrezig) of the Bodhisattva of Compassion - as are the Dalai Lamas of the Gelug order, who have also been seen as manifestations of Avalokiteshvara since the 15th century. While this is without internal contradiction in a religious context (a Bodhisattva can manifest himself in many ways), it politically reflects a historical conflict between the two orders, which was decided militarily in favor of the Gelugpa under the 5th Dalai Lama with the help of the Mongols.
The manifestations of the Karmapa are considered in the Karma Kagyu to be inseparable from the manifestations of Guru Rinpoche. As the highest lama of the Karma Kagyu, the Gyalwa Karmapa is an important reference person, especially in the practice of Guru Yoga .
The identity of the current 17th Gyalwa Karmapa is controversial . There are currently two persons enthroned as the 17th incarnation of the Gyalwa Karmapa: Orgyen Thrinle Dorje and Thrinle Thaye Dorje . Both are each supported by high-ranking lamas within the Karma Kagyu lineage; a process that has split the Karma Kagyu lineage.
List of Gyalwa Karmapas
| Name ( list of Tibetan names and titles ) | image | Life dates | Inscription after Wylie | THDL transcription | official transcription of the PRCh | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Düsum Khyenpa |
|
1110-1193 | dus gsum mkhyen pa | Düsum Khyenpa | Düsum Kyênba |
| 2. | Karma Pakshi |
|
1203-1283 | pakshi chos kyi bla ma | Pakshi Chökyi Lama | Bagxi Qoigyi |
| 3. | Rangjung Dorje |
|
1284-1339 | rank byung rdo rje | Rangjung Dorjé | Rangjung Dorjê |
| 4th | Rölpe Dorje |
|
1340-1383 | rol pa'i rdo rje | Rölpe Dorjé | Roibai Dorjê |
| 5. | Therefore Shegpa |
|
1384-1415 | bde bzhin gshegs pa | Deshin Shekpa | Dêxin Xêgba |
| 6th | Thongwa Dönden |
|
1416-1453 | mthong ba don ldan | Tongwa Dönden | Tongwa Doindain |
| 7th | Chodrag Gyatsho |
|
1454-1506 | chos grags rgya mtsho | Chodrak Gyatso | Qoizhag Gyaco |
| 8th. | Mikyo Dorje | - | 1507-1554 | mi bskyod rdo rje | Mikyö Dorjé | Migyoi Dorjê |
| 9. | Wangchug Dorje |
|
1556-1603 | dbang phyug rdo rje | Wangchuk Dorjé | Wangqug Dorjê |
| 10. | Chöying Dorje |
|
1604-1674 | chos dbyings rdo rje | Chöying Dorjé | Qoiying Dorjê |
| 11. | Yeshe Dorje |
|
1676-1702 | ye shes rdo rje | Yeshé Dorjé | Yêxê Dorjê |
| 12. | Changchub Dorje |
|
1703-1732 | byang chub rdo rje | Changchup Dorjé | Qangqub Dorjê |
| 13. | Düdul Dorje |
|
1733-1797 | bdud 'dul rdo rje | Düdül Dorjé | Düdü Dorjê |
| 14th | Thegchog Dorje |
|
1798-1868 | theg mchog rdo rje | Tekchok Dorjé | Têgqog Dorjê |
| 15th | Khakyab Dorje |
|
1871-1922 | mkha 'khyab rdo rje | Khakhyap Dorjé | Kakyab Dorjê |
| 16. | Rangjung Rigpe Dorje |
|
1924-1981 | rang 'byung rig pa'i rdo rje | Rangjung Rikpé Dorjé | Rangjung Rigbai Dorjê |
| 17th | Orgyen Thrinle Dorje |
|
1985– | o rgyan 'phrin las rdo rje | Ogyen Trinlé Dorjé | Ogyain Chinlai Dorjê |
| Trinley Thaye Dorje |
|
1983– | 'phrin las mtha' yas rdo rje | Trinlé Tayé Dorjé | Chinlai Tayai Dorjê |
See also
literature
- Nick Douglas, Meryl White, Karmapa - King of Realizers . Buddhistischer Verlag, Wuppertal 2005, ISBN 3-937160-14-0 .
- Karma Thinley: The Karmapa Papers - The Story of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet , Bochum 2009.
- Tenma Jamyang Tsultrim: Biographies of Successive Karmapa Lamas . Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou 1997, ISBN 7-5421-0558-2 .
- Karmapa 15th, Karmapa 16th: Dzalendara and Sakarchupa [Stories from long long time ago of the former lives of the Gyalwa Karmapa]. Eskdalemuir, Ed. Kagyu Samye Ling, 1982, translated by Khenpo Chödrak Tenpel and Katia Holmes.
- Djamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thaye, Tilmann Borghard (translator): Mahāmudrā - the light of the true sense: Explanations of the preparatory exercises and the main practice of Mahāmudrā. Norbu-Verlag, Badenweiler, 2014. (Contains 80 pages of biographies of the lineage holders of the Karma Kagyu tradition).
- Karma Tsewang Konchok: Biographies of Karmapa Lamas . Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House, Kunming 1998, ISBN 7-5367-1154-9 .
- Li Zhiyong, Doje Zhamdu, Lobsang Xerab, Liu Wei: Living Buddha Garmaba Reincarnates in Tibet . In: China's Tibet . Winter, 1992.
- Karmapa Thaye Dorje, Gilles van Grassdorff: The Buddhist Book of Wisdom and Love , Edition Milarepa, ISBN 978-9080889217 .
- Stefan Kulle, Karmapa: The new star of Tibet . Scherz Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3651000193 . Provides information about Karmapa Ogyen Trinle, but contains a lot of one-sided information regarding the Karmapa controversy.
- Gaby Naher: Journey to Tibet's Lost Lama : A Woman's Pilgrimage, the Karmapa in Exile, and the Fate of Modern Tibet (Berkeley, Ulysses 2005); ISBN 1-56975-479-9 .
- Gerd Bausch: Radiant compassion. The life of the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa Rangdjung Rigpe Dordje, Volume 1 (2016) and Volume 2 (2019), Edition Karuna.
Web links
17. Karmapas
- Trinley Thaye Dorje's website (Approved by the 14th Sharmapa and others.)
- Urgyen Trinley Dorje's website (Approved by Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, China and others.)
media
- The life of the 16th Karmapa
- BBC News story: Who is the Karmapa Lama?
- Khandro.net: a menu of articles about the Karmapa
- Movie "recognition of the 17th gyalwa Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorje": http://www.sfi-usa.org/karmapa-news/karmapa-interview/index.htm
Interviews
- Interview with the 17th Karmapa Thaye Dorje
- Interview with Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (who recognizes Urgyen Trinley Dorje as the 17th Karmapa) about the general meaning of such a conflict
