Carmelite Monastery (Boppard)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carmelite monastery with today's main entrance to the city administration (2012)
Carmelite Monastery (2010)
South axis of the cloister

The Carmelite Monastery in Boppard is a former monastery building from the 18th century. A forerunner of this monastery building was built in the 13th century. The Boppard Carmelite Monastery is the third oldest Carmelite monastery in Germany. The listed building has been used by the Boppard city administration since 1976, but is currently empty due to a planned renovation.

location

The monastery is located to the west of the city ​​center, which has been walled since Roman times , directly at a city gate that no longer exists today. In the course of the 13th century, the area was included in the city ​​fortifications as part of the walling of the Niederstadt . The monastery church borders to the north, while the hospital, which has existed since the 13th century, is to the west . To the south, the small hospital , later the post office, was built in the 15th century, separated by Heerstrasse .

history

Historiography has long assumed that the Carmelites had a settlement in Boppard as early as the 12th century, due to a misread funerary inscription. However, this has been definitively refuted. However, little is known of the actual beginnings of the monastery. Within the order's own age hierarchy, Boppard ranked fifth among the houses in the German province. Modern chroniclers dated the founding of the convent around 1254 and the construction of its buildings around 1260. The older year spread through the Rheinischen Antiquarius into the more recent literature. The Boppard Carmelites could only be documented for the year 1262. In that year, their sponsors were given the prospect of a papal indulgence, in 1264 the Archbishop of Trier, Heinrich II of Finstingen , gave them permission to acquire property and build a monastery. Its site was directly in front of one of the western gates of the city center, which had been walled since Roman times. It is unclear whether it was possible to fall back on existing rooms or even a chapel, since even the proven predecessor of the later sacristy can no longer be precisely determined. It is to be assumed, however, that the church built by the Carmelites was at least partially finished around 1279, because an indulgence for visitors to its altars that had been confirmed at the time was based on their consecration, which had taken place in the meantime. It was perhaps completed with the ongoing construction of the remaining parts of the monastery. The chronological completion of this work, however, has not been handed down, nor has its objective result.

The monastery was generously supported by the urban nobility and the bourgeoisie. For example, many nobles secured a burial right in the associated monastery church through foundations and gifts. The monastic vineyard that was created in this way alone comprised a vineyard area of ​​just under 4.4 hectares in 1718. The importance of the Boppard convent is also reflected in the fact that the provincial chapter of the Carmelites took place here every 3 years.

From 1728 to 1730, the dilapidated parts were replaced by a new building by Damian Lothar von Eltz-Rübenach . This spacious, simple baroque complex was built around a square inner courtyard with a cloister . Inside the monastery complex there are older grave monuments and numerous sculptures.

On August 2, 1802, the convent was abolished by Napoleon , represented by the mayor Foelix. The monks left Boppard and dispersed. The books from the valuable library and the documents from the monastery archive were stolen and most of them destroyed.

In 1805 one was in the monastery building, which was now owned by the town of Boppard, Latin school of the Franciscan housed. This was expanded to become a Progymnasium in 1866 , but it was relocated to a new building in 1906, in which today's Kant-Gymnasium Boppard is housed. In addition to the Latin school, the Boppard Catholic elementary school, which was first mentioned in 1510, was given its rooms on the lower floor of the former monastery building. After the Protestant elementary school was integrated into the Catholic one in 1939, she moved into the new school building "auf der Zeil" on October 30, 1941. However, the entire former monastery building was still used as a school, sometimes with interruptions, until 1952. After that, some offices and some apartments were housed there. After the town of Boppard was re-established as a community -free municipality on December 31, 1975 , the old town hall became too small. Therefore, in 1976, the city administration moved into the former Carmelite monastery. The city library was also housed in the basement. From March 2001 to July 2011, a donum vitae counseling center was located in the Carmelite monastery .

During the construction of an underground car park south of the former monastery in May 2011, the bones of about thirty people were found. Due to the proximity to the monastery, it is believed that these are tombs of monks. A rosary made of bone beads was found as the only burial object. On the basis of the fragments discovered in the graves, these could be dated to the 16th or 17th century. In addition, barrier-free access to the southern building entrance, which is the main entrance to the city administration, was created during these construction measures.

In 2019 and 2020, a comprehensive renovation of the monastery building is planned with a cost volume of around € 7.8 million; the city administration will switch to replacement properties during this time.

Description of the building

Little is known about the construction of the first monastery (13th – 18th centuries). It was in the same place where the 18th century baroque monastery stands today. However, it can be assumed that the first monastery complex was less extensive. The building probably receded so far from the Brüdergraben (today Karmeliterstraße) that the choir of the church was free. Presumably, the monastery was only so high that the top of the church was left free.

The Carmelite Monastery is a four-wing complex, each with two floors. In the middle there is a square inner courtyard with a closed, circumferential cloister . In the south wing of the building there is a column portal made of red sandstone with the year 1730 and the inscription: "CARMELUS MARIANO ELIANUS".

Monastery church

On the north side of the monastery, a single-nave monastery church began to be built around 1300. Between 1439 and 1444, a side aisle was added to the north. This side aisle received a window glazing, which is now exhibited in museums in the USA and Europe. Between 1460 and 1470 the church was equipped with elaborate choir stalls that are still preserved today. Today the monastery church belongs to the local parish of St. Severus and is used by this for church services.

Monument protection

Since 2002 the baroque monastery building and the neighboring Carmelite Church have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley . In addition, this building complex is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection and Maintenance Act (DSchG) of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

literature

  • Willi Nickenig: Monasteries and religious orders in Boppard , Boppard 2015
  • Achim Machwirth / Heinz Kähne / Berthold Neubauer: The choir stalls of the Carmelite Church , Boppard 2020

Web links

Commons : Carmelite Monastery Boppard  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For a summary, see Nikitsch 2004, 21-23
  2. ↑ According to Milendunck [1682], vol. V, fol. In 29r, Boppard followed within the initially undivided German province to Cologne, Würzburg, Brussels and Harlem.
  3. ↑ MILENDUNCK, Jakobus: Historia provinciae Carmelitorum. (1682). (IfS Frankfurt a. M .: Carmelite Books No. 46, fol. 27-49) Vol. V, fol. 29r.
  4. ↑ Stramberg 1856, 515
  5. ↑ Heinen 1694, 59 and 93.
  6. ↑ On the history of the city cf. Failed 1987
  7. ↑ Nick 1867 said that the predecessor of the Karmeliterkirche was the chapel of the Eberbacher Hof, consecrated in 1262, which was not taken over until Ledebur in 1988, 332, who, referring to the location of the monastery at the exit of Judengasse, suspects an allegedly common Marienkapelle there.
  8. ↑ Spengler 1979
  9. ↑ Milendunck [1682], vol. V, fol. 29r. On the part of art historical research, the existence of this church, above which the present nave rises, has so far been invariably misunderstood.
  10. ↑ Gepa Datz: Partenheim versus Boppard. History and reconstruction of two late Gothic glazings on the Middle Rhine . Dissertation. 2006, p. 104 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de
  11. ^ Monasteries and religious orders in Boppard, accessed on April 10, 2018
  12. ^ Regionalgeschichte.net: Carmelite Monastery "Our Lady"
  13. ↑ Heinz E. Missling (Ed.): Boppard. History of a city on the Middle Rhine. Second volume . Dausner Verlag, Boppard 1997, ISBN 3-930051-03-6 , p. 42 .
  14. ^ Johann Josef Klein: History of Boppard . 1909, p. 301 , urn : nbn: de: 0128-1-36929 .
  15. ^ Ferdinand Benner: Boppard schools before 1945 . In: Local history working group of the traffic and beautification association Boppard (Hrsg.): Around Boppard Journal . No. 50 . Boppard 2000.
  16. ↑ Donum Vitae Boppard has arrived in the middle of society. In: Rhein-Zeitung. April 8, 2011, accessed November 30, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Bones found under the Boppard hospital. from: www.rhein-zeitung.de , accessed on February 6, 2012.
  18. ↑ www.rhein-zeitung.de: Transitional quarter for the city administration: Boppard buys the Grillo villa , accessed on February 19, 2018.
  19. ^ Bernhard Josef Kreuzberg: The Boppard Carmel . In: Alexander Stollenwerk (ed.): Boppard am Rhein - A home book . Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard 1968, p. 90 .
  20. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (ed.): The art monuments of Rhineland-Palatinate . tape 8 : The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück district. Part 2. Former county St. Goar, the first town of Boppard I. . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-422-00567-6 , p. 391-394 .
  21. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Rhein-Hunsrück district. Mainz 2019, p. 9 (PDF; 1.7 MB).

Coordinates: 50 ° 13 '56.1 "  N , 7 ° 35' 18.4"  E