Teregova Castle

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Teregova Castle
Alternative name Ad Pannonios
limes Dacian Limes
section A / IV / 16
Dating (occupancy) 2nd to 3rd century
Type Auxiliary fort
unit Cohors VIII Raetorum
size A) undetermined
B) 100 m × 125 m = 1.25 ha (?)
(Only assumed!)
Construction A) Wood and earth warehouse
B) Stone fort
State of preservation partially visible ground monument
place Teregova
Geographical location 45 ° 10 '7 "  N , 22 ° 18' 24.6"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 10 '7 "  N , 22 ° 18' 24.6"  E
height 375  m
Previous Fort Mehadia
(south, A / IV / 15)
Subsequently Tibiscum Fort
(north, A / IV / 17)

Fort Teregova (ancient name Ad Pannonios ) was a Roman auxiliary troop camp in the municipality of Teregova , Caraş-Severin County , in the Romanian region of Banat .

location

In today's settlement, the ground monument is located around two and a half kilometers northeast of the village of Teregova in the "Cetate" corridor , directly on the national road 6 , which partially intersected and destroyed the southwestern fort area. In the remaining areas, the traces of the fort are still visible in the area.

Topographically, it is located on a low terrace of the Hideg stream in the Timis river . In ancient times, its crew was responsible for monitoring traffic on the strategically important Limes road from Dierna to Tibiscum .

Sources and research history

In antiquity, Ad Pannonios was recorded in the Tabula Peutingeriana and listed in the Cosmographia of the geographer of Ravenna . The name of the settlement may come from the fact that Pannonian colonists settled there.

Isolated archaeological investigations were carried out in the late 1960s and at the beginning of the 21st century. Overall, the fort has not yet been fully explored.

Archaeological evidence

As part of the research, the fencing and parts of the interior that have been preserved in the site up to a height of sometimes two meters were examined. The findings of the excavations speak for at least two different construction phases, which, however, are not yet completely stratigraphically secured. The wall of the former fence around the wood-earth store, the dimensions of which cannot be determined, is 9.20 m wide and has an average height of 1.30 m.

The dimensions of the stone fort are also unclear. Nicolae Gudea assumed axis dimensions of 200 m by 125 m, which would correspond to a base area of ​​1.25 hectares. The fort was secured by a 1.25 m thick wall using the technique of Opus incertum , in front of which a simple, 9.50 m wide and 1.80 m deep pointed ditch ran as an obstacle to approach .

The Via sagularis (Lagerringstrasse), which is three meters wide on average , and two other streets running at right angles to the Via sagularis were clearly identified . The Via Sagularis had three embankment horizons at different times, but a more precise dating has not yet been possible. So far, three different buildings have been cut into the interior of the fort, one of which has the structure of a contubernium . It was also possible to identify two ovens.

The discovery of a single brick temple points to the Cohors VIII Raetorum as a possible main unit of the fort. Overall, research into the camp is still in its infancy and further investigations are required in order to be able to make really valid statements about the structure of the fort and its periodizations. An extensive auxiliary vicus, which has not yet been explored, extended around the fort. The vicus was a civil settlement that can be found at almost every Roman military camp and in which the living quarters of the relatives of soldiers, veterans, artisans, traders, innkeepers, prostitutes and other service providers were located.

Lost property and monument protection

The archaeological finds from Ad Pannonios are kept in the Muzeul Județean de Etnografie și Istorie Locală ( District Museum for Ethnography and Local History) in Caransebeş .

The entire archaeological site and in particular the castle are protected as historical monuments according to Law No. 422/2001 passed in 2001 and are registered with the LMI code CS-ImA-10885.02 in the national list of historical monuments (Lista Monumentelor Istorice) . Responsible is the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Na ,ional) , in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 32, ( digitized version ).
  • Mihail Macrea : Garnizoanele cohortei a VIII-a Raetorum in Dacia . Omagiu lui Constantin Daicoviciu. Academiei Republicii Populare Romine, Bucuresti 1960, pp. 339-351.
  • Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 155-160.
  • Lucia Marinescu :  Ad Pannonios . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  • Călin Timoc: Fortificații romane din Banat (II). Teregova (date şi controverse). In: Analele Banatului, Arheology Istorie. 12-13, 2004-2005, pp. 187-197 ( digitized version ).
  • Dumitru Tudor: Oraşe, Tîrguri şi sate în Dacia Romană . Editura ştiinţifică, Bucureşti 1968, p. 34f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
  2. ^ A b Cohors VIII Raetorum: IDR-03-01, 00114 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 32, ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Tab. Peut. Segm. VII, 4.
  5. ^ Ad Pannonios or Ad Pannonios on the Tabula Peutingeriana, accessed on February 25, 2019.
  6. ↑ Cosm. Rav. IV, 14th
  7. ^ Ad Pannonios in the Cosmographia des Geographer of Ravenna, accessed on February 25, 2018.
  8. ^ Ad Pannonios in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites , accessed February 25, 2019.
  9. ↑ Nicolae Gudea: Sondajul Arheologic de la Teregova (jud Caras-Severin.) . Banatica 2 (1973), pp. 97-101.
  10. ^ Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 155.
  11. ^ A b c Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 155-160.
  12. ↑ Muzeul Județean de Etnografie și Istorie Locală , official website of the museum (Romanian), accessed on February 26, 2019.
  13. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage