Kathiarbar-Gir deciduous dry forests

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The Kathiarbar-Gir deciduous dry forests ( English Kathiarbar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests ) are an ecoregion of tropical and subtropical dry forests in western India . This ecoregion also includes the Gir National Park in Gujarat, where the last population of the Asiatic lion is found.

geography

The Kathiarbar-Gir forests are spread over a large area. The main part of the ecoregion extends over the Aravalli Mountains , with the highest point at 1,721 m above sea level on Mount Abu , and over the eastern half of Rajasthan . From there they extend to eastern Gujarat and the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh . A small relic area is located on Girnar Mountain on the Kathiawar Peninsula in the west of Gujarat.

The drier Northwestern Thornbush Dry Forests extend west of it and cover the rest of the Kathiawar Peninsula and the strip of Rajasthan between the Aravalli Mountains and the Thar Desert. In the northwest, the ecoregion merges into the forests of the wet deciduous forests of the Upper Ganges plain . In the southeast, the close dry deciduous forests of the Narmada Valley in the Vindhya Range and along the Narmada at -Tales. The ecoregion also borders the wet deciduous forests of the Northwestern Ghats ( Western Ghats ) in southeastern Gujarat.

The climate is a monsoon climate . Most of the precipitation with an annual average of 550 to 700 mm falls in June to September. The temperatures often climb above 40 ° C. The higher mountain regions of the Aravallis remain cooler and the mountain slopes facing the wind, mostly south-east slopes, receive more precipitation. The landscape is structured by thorn bushes, individual trees and rocks.

flora

The vegetation is very diverse, depending on the amount of moisture available and the nature of the soil. The forests are generally built on three levels. The canopy reaches heights of 15 to 25 m. The weather sides are mainly teak tree ( Tectona grandis ), Bengal quince ( Aegle marmelos ), Boswellia serrata , Desmodium oojeinense , ebony trees ( Diospyros spp. ), Asiatic kapok tree , Sterculia urens , Amla tree , Dalbergia paniculata and Terminalia elliptica . Anogeissus pendula and Acacia catechu occur in drier locations. Mount Abu is covered by conifers in its high regions . Thorn bush forests with Euphorbia caducifolia , Maytenus emarginata , Acacia senegal , Commiphora mukul ( Guggul ), Wrightia tinctoria , Flueggea leucopyrus , Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa occur on the stony slopes of the Aravalli Mountains and in other deforested areas. The endemic Dicliptera abuensis , Strobilanthes halbergii and Veronica anagallis are also found in these forests . Date palms ( Phoenix sylvestris ) and fig trees ( Ficus racemosa ) grow along the rivers .

fauna

There are 80 species of mammals in the protected zones. Asiatic lion ( Panthera leo persica ), Indian leopard ( Panthera pardus fusca ), Indian wolf ( Canis lupus pallipes ) and striped hyena ( Hyaena hyaena ). There is a wide range of prey for these predators, such as four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ), stag goat antelope ( Antilope cervicapra ) and Indian gazelle ( Gazella bennettii ) as well as other herbivores. Notable birds are Indian Trappe ( Ardeotis nigriceps ) flag Trappe ( Eupodotis indica ) and White Swing Meise ( Parus nuchalis ).

natural reserve

The population in the region is growing steadily and many of the habitats have already been damaged by firewood extraction and overgrazing. In addition to the Gir National Park, Ranthambore National Park and Sariska Tiger Reserve are designated as protected areas that are assigned to Project Tiger . Other protected areas are Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary and Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary . The Jaisamand Lake , Kumbhalgarh and Mount Abu are also integrated into protected areas.

Trivia

A book from Wikipedia articles (Norton Fausto Garfield: Kathiarbar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests ) was published in 2012.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WWF ecoregion, im0206 Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests.

literature

  • Zubairul Islam: Environmental Studies . Concept Publishing Company 2012. pp. 174-175. ISBN 8180697746 , 9788180697746
  • Students' Academy: Rajasthan-The Largest State of India . Lulu.com p. 27. ISBN 1458306984 , 9781458306982

Web links