Guttural sound
Guttural (from Latin guttur "throat") is a term for speech sounds, the place of formation of which was localized anatomically imprecise in the " throat " (hence the term "throat sound"). While the term is no longer used in phonetics due to this inaccuracy, it is still in use in various philologies .
According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the term was originally used for the uvular , pharyngeal and glottal sounds of Hebrew . In Indology , sounds with a velar point of articulation were called guttural. While the term in Hebrew studies did not designate a precisely defined place, but served as a collective term for various sounds formed in the throat, the term in Indology is in the tradition of the ancient Indian grammarians, who used the velar sounds as "कण्ठ्य" (dt. : Throat sounds, throat sounds).
The information about which places of articulation can be described as guttural vary. Hadumod Bußmann names Postalveolare , Palatale , Velare and “sometimes also” uvulare . Helmut Glück names the places of articulation from post palatal to glottal . Otto von Essen (1979: 75) describes guttural as: "postpalatal, velar, uvular".
For clarification: According to Otto von Essen's definition, the following German sounds would be "guttural": [k], [g], the Ach sound [x], the uvular vibrant [R], the so-called crackling sound (larynx closure sound ) [ʔ ] and [h]. Expressed in phonemes : the phonemes / k /, / g /, / h / and an allophone [x] which belongs to a common phoneme in addition to the ego sound ; also the allophone [R], which reproduces the phoneme / R / together with other allophones. According to von Essen, the palatals are not one of them, but according to Bußmann they are. The ego sound would be a guttural according to Bußmann's definition, but not according to that of luck and food.
Colloquially, especially "throaty" sounding sounds are referred to as guttural, regardless of the exact articulation point. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the German Ach sound as an example. The phonemes / g / and / k / are formed in almost the same place, but due to the lack of rubbing noise they are not perceived as "guttural". In Hebrew, too, they do not count as gutturals and are not subject to the sound laws relating to them, such as the darkening of the vowels in the vicinity of the guttural. The colloquial meaning of the word (" guttural sounding") is also decisive in guttural singing , which is used in particular by metal bands.
literature
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache . 4th edition; Verlag JB Metzler, Stuttgart, 2010; ISBN 3-476-02335-4
- Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.) With the collaboration of Hartmut Lauffer: Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. 4th, revised and bibliographically supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-520-45204-7 .
- Duden : The Grammar, 8th edition; Duden Verlag, Mannheim, 2009; ISBN 3-411-04048-3
- Otto von Essen : General and applied phonetics. 5th edition. Akademie, Berlin 1979, p. 75; ISBN 3-050-02105-5
