Keut
The Keut (Koit) - also the Keut - is a particularly high quality beer that was brewed in the Netherlands, western Westphalia and the Rhineland . Above all, the Keut from Hamm in Westphalia was known nationwide .
About the origin of the word Keut
Friedrich Johannes Wienstein proved that the Latin “cocta” (what is cooked) developed into the French “cuite”, which in turn immigrated to Limburg as “keut” and to Middle Dutch as “coyte”, but was also written as “cuit” . In Frisian it became known as "Koyt". According to Wienstein, the Münster humanist Johannes Murmellius equated the highest level (= cerevisia Batavica) with the keut in his classification of the beer quality classes. Thus, the derivations of the word Keut from the Latin “conventus”, which became “convent” in Middle Low German and denoted both monastery residents and the thin beer brewed in the monasteries, are not applicable.
nature
The Keut was a beer that was brewed with wheat components and initially without the addition of hops. Keut had the character of a wheat beer and was mentioned in a document from 1444.
history
The Hammer brewing tradition goes back to the Middle Ages . In numerous town houses it was customary to bake bread yourself and then soften parts of it in water and ferment it into beer. In 1444, Count Gerhard von der Mark zu Hamm granted the brewers and bakers in the Hamm office the commercial monopoly for beer and bread . The bakers were given the privilege of brewing beer because they processed the grain required for the brewing operation and therefore increasingly exercised the brewing rights ("brewing rights") initially on every property. The granting of this privilege meant that commercial baking and brewing were prohibited in rural areas and bread and beer could only be sold in the city itself. In 1517, the city of Unna complained that after more than 300 years of trading with the entire county of Mark , their beer could no longer be sold in the Hamm district.
Beer was also one of the city of Hamm's most important export goods . The city was also an important supplier of beer to the surrounding area and beyond. In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the Hammer Keut brewers negotiated their beer far beyond the city limits. From the 17th century onwards, the Hammer Keut was sent over long distances on the trade routes.
The lively export of foreign beer was soon a thorn in the side of the government in Münster . At the instigation of Baron Jobst von der Recke at Heessen Castle , the Hammer brewers and citizens were forbidden to continue to import beer into the Münsterland in 1615 . The City Council of Hamm opposed this ban in a forceful brief. The Thirty Years War began three years after the beer dispute broke out . The beer dispute survived the armed conflict and was only settled more than forty years after it ended in 1648: the ban was lifted again in 1689.
But Keut was not only delivered to the Münsterland. Even Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia was a consumer in 1649. The Great Elector was in 1648 in preparation for the Peace of Westphalia of Munster , which the Thirty Years' War ended, several times in Hamm guest. He not only got to know the hammer beer, but also to appreciate it. On February 22nd, 1649 he ordered eight barrels of Hammer Keut from Rentmeister Ludovici.
“Our greetings beforehand, my faithful. After we just wanted to have several tons of good Hamm'schen tune for our mouth, As if we graciously order you that you should therefore, after receiving this 8 tonne, have the best of the best ounces brought to hero, as much as you have and will receive a passport with this our Colonel Hake let you follow a sufficient convoy of the same shape. Do it with our most gracious will, and have inclined us to grace. Give Kleve, February 22nd, Anno 1649. "
In later centuries, farmers planted hops . In 1696, 300 bushels of hops were produced in the Hamm district . In addition to the hopped beer, the Altbier also remained very popular. It was valued for its fine acidity and it was considered very healthy.
Wilhelm Neuhaus , Professor of Philosophy, Eloquence and History at the Illustrious Gymnasium , praised the extraordinarily tasty and digestible drink in a joke poem in 1707:
“In terms of both sweetness and nutritional power, there is nothing more excellent than the stick, Ganymede could have served it to Jupiter, it is not the last vital force and ornament of the city of Hamm. This is not so much because of the tower of St. George , which towers towards the sky and hardly has anything like it, not so much because of its pleasant and healthy air, the wonderful fertility of its fields and pastures, its abundance of huntable animals and fish and other things Famous far and wide than for the excellence of their stool. The Keut is dear to the locals beyond measure. In Hamm, people believe that someone who has sticks and still wants wine is not quite right. The Keut is no less appreciated by foreigners. "
At rifle festivals and “Pichel Days”, the whip was served in the “Birkenmeier”, a vessel carved from birch wood and covered with bark. Penalties and penalties were paid in beer to the rifle guilds.
At times there were over 60 small-scale commercial breweries in Hamm. In addition, there were a large number of so-called home breweries that only produced the beer for their own needs. Even the bakeries used to be busy brewing beer. Brewing, distilling and baking were mostly in one hand at that time. It was only later that independent branches of industry emerged. The names Isenbeck , Pröpsting and Asbeck are found among the families who were brewers, distillers and beers in Hamm at that time . They were among the few who later succeeded in developing the modern Isenbeck brewery , monastery brewery and grain brandy distillery and August Asbeck yeast factory from small manual beginnings .
In the course of the 18th century, the brewery industry in the city of Hamm continued to decline. Möller wrote in 1803 “94 ohms of beer from the country came into the city, and in 1719 more than 1000 ohms were exported !!!” While there were 61 breweries in Hamm in 1719, there were only 31 in 1798, of 50 spirits still only 33. “The bushel number of brandy grist is little different in the two years. The only difference is that in 1719 it became a habit not to visit the liquor bars and pharmacies every day. The brandy was sold outside the city, but as this drink has been used more since that time, we drink everything ourselves [...] "
After the decline of the Hammer brewing trade, only the Isenbeck brewery, the Pröpsting monastery brewery and the August Asbeck grain distillery and yeast factory continued this brewing tradition in Hamm into the 20th century. But these companies have now also disappeared.
The hammer Keut as an emergency money motif
While two cheerful revelers are depicted on the front of the 10-pfennig emergency note from October 1, 1921, the well-known poem of praise for Hamm, written by Johann Kayser, is on the back of the note signed by Mayor Josef Schlichter .
The hammer Keut in literature
- Pastor Johann Kayser (1683 or 1698), rector of the Latin school in Lippstadt, pastor and court preacher in Kleve since 1683 , who became known for his drastic descriptions of Westphalian customs and rascals, praised Hamm
“Hamm is the little Haag, the marrow bone in the marrow,
Hamm is the seat of the muse, the people are strong there.
Hamm gives us good fish, Hamm gives us good ham, Hamm gives us
the best Keut to drink for little money. "
- Professor Wilhelm Neuhaus (1725), revision in Latin hexameters:
"Hammona est Comitum minor Haga, medullaque Marcae,
Gaudet Athaeneo, pollent ibi robore cives,
Eximios praebet pisces pernasque suillas,
Illic & parvo bibitur sapidissima Keuta."
- Professor Wilhelm Neuhaus (1707):
“The fact that the Hammer citizens are in good physical shape and mentally fresh is an eloquent testimony itself. Besides the good climate, we attribute this to the beneficial effects of the “Keut”; because it draws its special goodness and strength from the water of the Lippe , not from any water from the Lippe, but from that of the Hammer river bed, due to a hidden benefit of nature, which one looks for in vain elsewhere. "
- Professor Wilhelm Neuhaus (1725):
“
Velvet Carnüffel and Triumph play Six-Cinque day and night ;
Or how the sow rummage in the swamp of
all vanities,
I
tell him as a prophet, Machet Schlümpel and La-bête.
Always strike the fiddle
Bey of the wet brotherhood,
Where the knuckle and
grapes work crooked miraculous signs;
Or always shouting doors
Can not be due to the youth! "
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Marschner: Successful again: the ninth Isenbeck exchange in the Hammer Zentralhallen. The brewing tradition has a name: Isenbeck . In: Hamm-Magazin April 2003, pp. 22/23.
- ^ A b Ingrid Bauert-Keetman: The economic history of the city of Hamm. In: Hamm. Chronicle of a city. Cologne 1965, pp. 190–328, here: pp. 198–200 and 287–290.
- ↑ quoted from Bauert-Keetmann 1965, p. 200.
- ↑ From: Clevischer Musenberg. quoted from: Johann Diederich von Steinen: Westphaelische Geschichte 4. Reprint Münster 1964, p. 545.
- ↑ From: Oratio de Keuta Hammonensi. P. 29, quoted from: Johann Diederich von Steinen: Westphaelische Geschichte 4. Reprint Münster 1964, p. 545.
- ↑ From: Otia parerga, quoted from: Hermann Josef Sieberg: De potu et potulentis - celebratory speech at the handover of the presidium at the Illustre Gymnasium, Hamm, July 7th 1707. In: Volker Pirsich (ed. On behalf of the city of Hamm): Professors, students, books. Hamm in the 17th and 18th centuries. Hamm 2009, p. 262.
- ↑ From: otia parerga, cited in W. Siegmund: The gymnasium Hammonense from 1657 to 1957. In: Festschrift for the 300th anniversary of the state high school in Hamm (1657–1957). Hamm 1957, p. 77.
literature
- Ingrid Bauert-Keetman: The economic history of the city of Hamm. In: Hamm. Chronicle of a city. Cologne 1965, pp. 190–328, here: pp. 198–200 and 289–290.
- F [riedrich] J [ohannes] Wienstein: “De Keuta Hammonensi”, Vom Alt-Hammer beer and its name. In: Westfälischer Anzeiger . October 21, 1960.
- F [riedrich] J [ohannes] Wienstein: “Keut” from Rome to Hamm. Latin-French word written in Dutch. In: Westfälischer Anzeiger. 22./23. October 1960.