Child and adolescent psychotherapist

A child and adolescent psychotherapist (abbreviated to “KJP”) diagnoses and treats mental disorders in children, adolescents and adolescents up to the age of 21. They are psychologists , pedagogues and doctors who work in psychotherapy and who have advanced specialist training in psychotherapy with a focus on children and adolescents based on their studies . Adults do not fall within his area of ​​responsibility (see differentiation from other psychotherapists ).

The profession of child and adolescent psychotherapist emerged from the profession of psychagogue . Psychagogue is a profession that emerged from psychoanalysis and practiced almost exclusively by educators with training analysis and psychoanalytic advanced training. Anna Freud and Melanie Klein are considered the founders of psychagogics or analytical child and adolescent psychotherapy . Like the psychological psychotherapist , the child and adolescent psychotherapist can also acquire the specialist knowledge of all guideline procedures approved for this age range (psychoanalysis, psychotherapy based on depth psychology, behavioral therapy, systemic therapy).

Areas of responsibility

A central task of child and adolescent psychotherapists is the treatment of mentally ill or mentally physically ill children and adolescents through psychotherapy and the accompanying psychotherapy of the relationship person.

But also help with family conflicts, with custody and contact regulations, with out-of-home care and with legal questions are part of the tasks.

Situation in Germany

KJP is a professional title that has been legally protected in Germany since January 1999 by the Psychotherapists Act ( PsychThG ), which requires state approval to practice medicine (Approbation) .

education

The training is based on the "Training and Examination Regulations for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists" on the basis of the Psychotherapists Act. The prerequisite for training as a child and adolescent psychotherapist is a degree (diploma or master’s degree) in psychology , pedagogy or social pedagogy , and in some federal states also music therapy, social work, curative pedagogy or teaching.

In practice, the time for a pedagogy / psychology degree and the subsequent training as a child and adolescent psychotherapist is on average 9-12 years. Child and adolescent psychotherapists work in clinics or in their own practice. You can take part in contract medical care. The training extends to imparting in-depth basic knowledge of scientifically recognized psychotherapeutic procedures as well as in-depth training in one of these procedures. The following procedures are currently included in the field of child and adolescent psychotherapy:

• Psychoanalysis / analytical psychotherapy ,
• psychotherapy based on depth psychology ,
• Behavior therapy ,
• Systemic therapy .

The training comprises at least: 800 treatment hours of practical training with at least ten patient treatments under at least 250 hours of supervision, 800 hours of theoretical training, 1,800 hours of practical work, 1,200 of which at a psychiatric clinical facility and 600 hours at a psychotherapeutic or psychosomatic facility recognized by a social insurance institution Supply, 120 hours of self-awareness (Section 5 (2) PsychTh-APrV).

During the psychotherapy training, the trainee is called "Psychotherapist in training" (PiA). The minimum requirements for the training and details about the state examinations are regulated on the basis of the Psychotherapists Act in the "Training and Examination Ordinance for Psychotherapists". The training can be completed at university-affiliated institutions as well as at state-recognized private training institutes. As a rule, the training institutes offer training in just one procedure. Only two institutes offer training in all approved psychotherapy procedures. The training costs, which are to be borne by the psychotherapists in training, amount to around 20,000 to 40,000 euros.

During the prescribed practical work in a psychiatric clinical facility, the trainees are usually only remunerated for their work. This is attributed, among other things, to the fact that pedagogues / psychologists are not allowed to act independently as a psychotherapist during their practical work in training because they do not have a license to practice medicine.

With a license to practice medicine from the competent authorities of the German federal states , the relevant persons are granted permission to practice psychotherapy with children and adolescents.

If the license to practice medicine also includes permission to treat adults and a corresponding training according to the PsychThG in conjunction with the PsychTh-APrV has been completed, the professional title Psychological Psychotherapist (abbreviated "PP") may be used. However, this is reserved for clinical psychologists (M.Sc. or Dipl.-Psych.) Who first undergo training in psychotherapy for adults and have also passed the state examination there before, after obtaining their license to practice as a psychological psychotherapist, training Have completed and acquired additional specialist qualification in "Child and Adolescent Therapy".

Cash register approval

Therapists who work in their own practice often also have a health insurance certificate , i. H. treatment by them will be paid for by the statutory health insurance funds (if necessary after submitting an application to cover costs) . This approval can be granted by the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians after the license to practice medicine and the entry in the doctor's register . There is also a requirement planning for the professional group of psychotherapists, which defines how many therapists are allowed to settle in a district. The allocation of a new seat in the cash register is usually carried out by the KV (if the previous therapist has retired, etc.), but is usually associated with a transfer fee.

The statutory health insurances only cover the costs for treatments that are carried out in accordance with the psychotherapy guidelines. These include treatment and application modalities and the restriction to three therapy methods so far: behavior therapy as a method, depth psychology-based psychotherapy and analytical psychotherapy, in which there are three general theoretical directions: first, psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud , analytical psychology according to Carl Gustav Jung and the individual psychology according to Alfred Adler . Systemic therapy has been rated as a "scientifically recognized procedure" since December 14, 2008, but the treatment is currently not paid for by statutory health insurances. In contrast, the assumption of costs by private health insurance companies is problematic. The Federal Court of Justice denies a coverage obligation as long as the General Insurance Conditions do not contain any regulation. The fees for psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists are regulated in the GOP ( Fee Schedule for Psychological Psychotherapists and Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists ), which enables billing using the fee schedule for doctors .

pay

Child and adolescent psychotherapists belong to the collective designation of social and educational services (SuE). Municipal employers often pay child and adolescent psychotherapists according to the TVöD -SuE. Private providers can freely choose a payment model. More about payment in the SuE can be found in the article Social and Educational Service # Payment . In TVöD-SuE, child and adolescent psychotherapists are grouped in salary group S 17. The starting salary is 3,102.56 euros (as of March 1, 2015). Since the collective bargaining for the TVöD in 2016, the grouping of child and adolescent psychotherapists has been set appropriately to the psychological psychotherapists with salary group 14 TVöD VKA. This is still pending in the negotiations on the collective agreement of the federal states.

Situation in Austria

In Austria there are also psychotherapists who specialize in the treatment of children and adolescents, but these do not have the German job title.

Situation in Switzerland

The Swiss Association for Child and Adolescent Psychology (SKJP) conducts part-time postgraduate training in order to obtain the title of “ Specialist Psychologist for Child and Adolescent Psychology FSP”. The specialist title allows independent work in the field of child and adolescent psychology . The prerequisite for further training is a degree in psychology (licentiate, master's degree) as well as practical work in child and adolescent psychology in the areas of exploration, judgment, interventions, counseling and treatment. The training comprises at least 700 hours and lasts three to four years. Corresponding courses at the Universities of Basel and Zurich are also recognized. The specialist title is only awarded to full members of the Federation of Swiss Psychologists (FSP).

See also

• Psychagogics u. Psychagogue
• Developmental Psychology , Psychology, etc. psychiatry
• Mental disorder
• Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• Social and educational service

literature

• Veronika Diederichs-Paeschke and Bruno Stafski: Looking for a lost identity? Change in a job description - child analyst - psychagogue - child and adolescent psychotherapist in: Lucifer Amor - Issue 25, History of Child Analysis, Tübingen: edition diskord, 2000

Web links

• German Federal Chamber of Psychotherapists
• Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists in Germany
• German Psychotherapists Association (DPtV) (professional association)
• Swiss Psychotherapists Association ASPV
• Professional Association of German Psychologists (BDP)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Text of the training and examination regulations for child and adolescent psychotherapists
2. ↑ Psychotherapy guidelines.
3. ↑ Prof. Dietmar Schulte and Gerd Rudolf on the expert opinion of the Scientific Advisory Board on Psychotherapy for Systemic Therapy .
4. ↑ BGH, judgment of February 15, 2006 , Az. IV ZR 192/04, full text - on the question of the obligation to cover psychotherapy services by health insurance companies.
5. ^ Fee schedule for psychological psychotherapists (GOP).
6. ^ Collective agreement for the public service (TVöD). (PDF; 357 kB) Special section on administration - (BT-V). (No longer available online.) In: http://www.bmi.bund.de . September 13, 2005, archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on August 31, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Classification of psychotherapists. Retrieved March 5, 2019 . 
8. ↑ Swiss Association for Child and Adolescent Psychology (SKJP): Postgraduate Further Education ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.