Fischbach Monastery (Fischbach near Kaiserslautern)
| Fischbach Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Fischbach, Klosterhof restaurant, in the area of the former convent. On the left the green area with the grave slab from 1510 |
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| Data | |
| place | Fischbach (near Kaiserslautern) |
| Client | Johann Soitmann |
| Construction year | 1472 |
| demolition | 19th century |
 Sketch of the monastery area by Karl Kleeberger (on the right the still existing retaining walls with buttresses, next to them the foundation walls of the monastery church, which were partially exposed in 1899) |
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Monastery Fischbach was a 1564 reversed Augustinian canon Women - pin , which in today's Rhineland-Palatinate municipality Fischbach in the district of Kaiserslautern was.
location
The monastery complex was on the plateau of a mountain tongue in the center of today's village of Fischbach, which was surrounded by several ponds at the foot and sloped steeply to the east and south. On the east side, the mountain was secured to the valley floor with strong retaining walls or pillars, some of which have been preserved.
During construction work in 1899, under the supervision of the local historian Karl Kleeberger (1862–1944), the foundation walls of the convent church were excavated. Accordingly, it was a single-nave, Gothic church with a three-sided choir closure. It lay hard on the eastern edge of the plateau, directly above the retaining wall and was aligned with the choir to the northeast (in the area of today's restaurant Klosterhof ).
history
prehistory
As early as 1221 there was a pilgrimage chapel on the prominent hill, consecrated to St. Mary and belonging to the parish of Hochspeyer . In that year, according to a document from Bishop Heinrich II of Worms , the parish mentioned, including the Fischbach chapel, was handed over to the Höningen monastery . This legal act also represents the first documented mention of today's village Fischbach. Höningen Monastery was the home monastery of the Counts of Leiningen and Bishop Heinrich II. A brother of Count Friedrich II. , The founder of their younger family line. This kinship relationship may also have played a role in the transfer of rights to Höningen.
In 1389, Bishop Eckard von Dersch separated the Fischbacher chapel from the parish of Hochspeyer and entrusted the Höninger canons with the pastoral care there. The exemption and the establishment of its own pastoral care office indicate that the Marienkapelle was a popular pilgrimage destination.
Soon the pilgrimage pastoral care was too burdensome for the Höninger canons and they handed over their rights to the Pauline monastery of St. Jakob on the Donnersberg . According to Franz Xaver Remling , Raugraf Philipp II († 1397), whose political rulership Fischbach was at that time, appeared as the chapel's benefactor. Through his son Otto († 1458) and wife Maria von Salm , the Pauline monks were released from the chapel pastoral care there in 1408, but they continued to do so until 1418. Because of disputes between the Höningen monastery and the Raugrafen, who had appropriated the slopes of the chapel but were forced to surrender it by court, the services there decreased. In 1449, the Bishop of Worms Reinhard I. von Sickingen reinstated the Höninger Convent, which had been part of the Windesheim reform movement since 1447 , into its Fischbach rights.
monastery
The founding of the Fischbach monastery also came from this reform movement. The pilgrimage was reactivated, the chapel was renovated and decorated. The Höninger provost Johann Soitmann (also called Johann von Lippe ) took the initiative and founded a monastery at the pilgrimage site in 1471 on the advice and with the consent of the aforementioned Bishop Reinhard I. He had it occupied by six Augustinian choir women from his home town of Lippstadt (St. Annen-Rosengarten Monastery), who had to deliver a Rhenish gold guilder and a self-made corporal to Hönigen every year . The purpose of the nuns' settlement mentioned in the deed of foundation was, in addition to the permanent care of the chapel, that they should “introduce and maintain a praiseworthy spiritual life” at the pilgrimage site . The document goes on to say that “many years ago” “a very beautiful chapel ” was built here in honor of Our Lady , “which is often visited by pilgrims with prayers and offerings in dignified veneration because of many miracles” . Virgos had lived there before, but they were secular and are now extinct.
Elector Friedrich I of the Palatinate took over the patronage in 1475 , the new monastery flourished and in 1486 sisters could be sent from here to found a convent in Kleinlützel, Switzerland . The learned canon Rutger Sycamber praises the Fischbach sisters in his works as exemplary, since they would even forego their "chat hour" in order to be able to pray more in honor of Mary.
In 1525 the convent was looted and devastated during the Palatinate Peasants' War. In 1529, the priest Jost Klein from Kaiserslautern translated the Latin letter of Erasmus of Rotterdam , "Virginis et martyris comparatio", addressed to the Benedictines of the Maccabees in Cologne , and dedicated the text to the Fischbach choir women. In the dedication it says: “Her Just Kleyn wishes mercy and peace from God the Father and salvation from Christ Ihesu our lord ... Keysersluttern the XII. day Augusti MCCCCCXXIX " . The manuscript is part of Codex 224 in the Upper Austrian Regional Library in Linz .
In 1537 Christoph Bonn von Wachenheim, the lord of the castle of Diemerstein, had disputes with the monastery over the dowry of his two sisters who had entered there as choir women. Already at an early age he tended towards the Reformation, was a friend of Ulrich von Hutten and wanted to cut the promised marriage assets. The settlement agreement of that year already speaks of a possible dissolution of the Fischbach monastery and the conditions for the refund that is then due. Due to the spreading Reformation there were no younger sisters and only a few women choirs seem to have lived there.
resolution
The Palatinate Elector Friedrich III. finally abolished the convent in 1564, and in 1574 the Fischbach property passed to his son Johann Kasimir . His wife Elisabeth von Sachsen uses the monastery as an agricultural property and has sheep farmed there. The monastery buildings seem to have survived the Thirty Years' War unscathed, because in 1682 Elector Karl II left them to his relatives Marie of Orange-Nassau († 1688), wife of Count Palatine Ludwig Heinrich von Simmern , as a widow's residence. She stayed there more often and the Fischbacher local historian Karl Kleeberger stated in 1902 that the memory of the “Countess von Simmern” was still alive in the village at that time.
Her confidante, the Prussian minister Johann Kasimir Kolb von Wartenberg († 1712) received the rule of Diemerstein including Fischbach in 1699 over the Electoral Palatinate. Emperor Joseph I raised his possessions to an imperial countship in 1707 . He and his successors had the monastery area converted into a hunting lodge. His great-grandson Ludwig Kolb von Wartenberg renewed and renovated it again at the end of the 18th century, which is reminiscent of a memorial stone that is now walled in at the property at Hauptstraße 1.
During the French period (from 1794) the castle was destroyed and the remains demolished in the 19th century.
Today's leftovers and memories
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In addition to the already mentioned retaining walls on the eastern side of the monastery mountain, the most striking remnant is a large grave slab from 1510, which probably comes from the monastery church. It was found there in 1899 and is now covered in a small green area on the former monastery grounds (main street, next to the “Klosterhof” inn ). It is the tombstone of Dorothea geb. Beynung von Dalsheim , wife of the wealthy nobleman Friedrich Blick von Lichtenberg . In the center it bears a large coat of arms of the noble family Beynung von Dalsheim , which died out as early as 1472 in the male line , three birds and pelicans scratching their chests , on a shingled shield. The crest also shows such a pelican.
A Gothic vault keystone with a Holy Spirit dove is walled in on an outbuilding of the Klosterhof restaurant . In the garden of the property Hauptstr. No. 1 is a recently found Spolienstein with a human head and the remains of the writing “Diemer” . It could be the epitaphrest of one of the named choir women from Diemerstein Castle. The already mentioned memorial stone of Count Ludwig Kolb von Wartenberg with the designation 1777 is set in the same house .
In the local coat of arms of Fischbach the crook indicates the former monastery.
In 1902, in his book Folklore from Fischbach in der Pfalz (pp. 67 and 68), Karl Kleeberger also recalls two local folk tales about the convent. One is about an underground passage to the Enkenbach monastery , the other about a silver bell, which the Fischbach choir women hid when they were looted on the monastery grounds and which has not yet been found.
gallery
Spolie with a human head, found in the monastery area (now Hauptstrasse 1)
Memorial stone for the castle renovation (1777), today walled in Hauptstrasse. 1
Memorial stone for the renovation of the monastery wall, 1979
Rest of the monastery wall with buttresses
literature
- Jürgen Keddigkeit / Mathias Untermann: Fischbach, To Our Dear Lady, regulated nurses' house (Augustinian convent), previously Beginenkonvent. In: Pfälzisches Klosterlexikon vol. 1 A – G (contributions to the history of the Palatinate vol. 26.1), ed. v. Jürgen Keddigkeit / Mathias Untermann / Hans Ammerich / Pia Heberer / Charlotte Lagemann, Kaiserslautern 2014, ISBN 978-3-927754-77-5 , pp. 471-486.
- Franz Neumer: Fischbach - monastery, farm estate and village , Fischbach community, 1981, pp. 26–46
- Franz Xaver Remling : Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria , Volume 2, Neustadt an der Haardt, 1836, pp. 72–75; (Digital scan)
- Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal Bavarian Rhine district , Volume 3, Speyer, 1837, pp. 53-55; (Digital scan)
- Karl Kleeberger: Folklore from Fischbach in the Palatinate, Kaiserslautern, 1902, pp. 8-13
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biographical page on Karl Kleeberger ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Website on the former St. Annen-Rosengarten monastery
- ↑ Andreas Beriger: Windesheimer monastery culture around 1500: Vita, work and world of Rutger Sycamber , Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2004, p. 63 u. 286, ISBN 311094670X ; (Digital scans)
- ^ Biographical website on Rutger Sycamber
- ^ Ernst Christmann: Kaiserslautern once and now , Volume 12 of: Writings on the history of the city and district of Kaiserslautern , Arbogast Verlag, Otterbach, 1976, p. 373, ISBN 387022004X ; (Detail scan of Pastor Jost Klein in Kaiserslautern)
- ^ Website on monastic manuscripts
- ↑ How to find the manuscript dedicated to the Fischbacher choir women
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland , Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1984, p. 277; (Detail scan)
- ^ Helfrich Bernhard Wenck: Hessische Landesgeschichte , Volume 1, p. 441, Darmstadt, 1783; (Digital scan)
- ^ Otto Röschen, Wilhelm Diehl: Description of the Protestant Parishes of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1900, p. 223; (Detail scan)
