Roma monastery
| Cistercian Abbey Gudvala / Roma | |
|---|---|
 Ruin of the monastery church |
|
| location |
Sweden Gotland County |
| Coordinates: | 57 ° 30 '41.2 " N , 18 ° 26' 57.4" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
387 |
| founding year | 1164 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1532 |
| Mother monastery | Nydala Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
The monastery of Sancta Maria de Gutnalia in Roma on the Swedish Baltic island of Gotland (generally Roma monastery , Swedish. Roma monastery, called) was founded in 1164 by Cistercian monks sent from the Nydala monastery in Småland , Sweden . It quickly became a major institution with extensive holdings in Gotland and the Baltic States . At the time of the Reformation in the 16th century, the monastery was closed.
Building history
The system in Roma followed the pattern that had developed in Burgundy , the country of origin of the order. The important buildings lay in a row around the right-angled monastery courtyard with the church in the north as the dominant part of the complex. Apart from a few storehouses outside the monastery area, the church ruins are the only thing that remains of the monastery complex today.
Despite its current condition, it provides an impressive picture of Cistercian architecture. It was a three-aisled basilica with a transept and a choir that just ended . Each transept arm had two chapels to the east with a slightly rounded east wall. The western part of the north aisle is separated into a small anteroom, a kind of weapons or carnival house for church visitors who did not belong to the monastery.
The simple round arched portal in the west gable of the armory is flanked by columns with cup-shaped capitals. In the gable of the north transept is the porta mortuorum , the door through which the deceased were carried to the cemetery north of the church. Two entrances led into the south aisle, the western one for the lay people and the eastern one for the monks. The central nave of the church was initially provided with a flat wooden ceiling, while the side aisles had cross vaults . The choir, the transept arms and the chapels had barrel vaults . Cross vaults were later set into the central nave; this can be recognized by the fact that the vaulted consoles do not correspond to the arcade division in the walls between the central nave and the side aisles. The large windows in the east wall of the choir and in the west gable as well as the south window of the choir come from renovations in the Gothic period. The building is characterized by the extremely careful treatment of the material, the balanced proportions and the sober simplicity in terms of its decoration, which are hallmarks of Cistercian architecture. The church is of the classic type best represented today by the monastery church in Fontenay in Burgundy.
Roma Kungsgård
The monastery was withdrawn from the Danish crown in the context of the Reformation in the 1530s and converted into a crown domain. As the old monastery buildings were difficult to adapt to the new functions, they were left to decay. The church was used as a stables early on and thus escaped the fate of the other buildings. The worst time came in the 1730s, when Governor J. D. Grönhagen had some buildings demolished because he wanted to build the new corps de logi on the domain and needed stones for this and for its side wing. The two portals of the wing buildings, as well as a cross-shaped window in the west gable of the main building, clearly show their origin from the monastery.
literature
- Marita Jonsson, Sven-Olof Lindquist: Gotland cultural guide. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala 1993, ISBN 91-88036-09-X .
