Tre Fontane Monastery
| Tre Fontane Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Abbey church |
|
| location | Italy Region Lazio Province of Rome |
| Lies in the diocese | 1140–1981 exemte abbey , since then diocese of Rome |
| Coordinates: | 41 ° 50 '4 " N , 12 ° 28' 59.8" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
151 |
| Patronage | St. Vincent and St. Anastasius |
| founding year | 1140 |
| Cistercian since | 1140 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1826 |
| Year of repopulation | 1867 Trappists |
| Mother monastery | Clairvaux Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
| Congregation | (Trappists) |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Casanova Monastery (Abruzzo) |
The monastery Tre Fontane (Latin Abbatia Sanctorum Vincentii et Anastasii ad Aquas Salvias , also: Abbatia Beatae Mariae de Tribus Fontibus ) is a Cistercian abbey (since 1868 of the strict observance ) in Rome . It is located in Via Acque Salvie in a small valley cut through by Via Laurentina outside the walls not far from the EUR district , the modern administrative center of Rome originally planned for the 1942 Esposizione Universale di Roma World Exhibition .
history
The tradition of the complex is said to go back to the first century AD: In Tre Fontane, the apostle Paul is said to have been beheaded in 67 . According to legend, his head fell three times on the ground and the three drops of blood are said to have miraculously formed three fountains, from which the name Tre Fontane comes. Over the centuries three churches were built here, namely SS. Vincenzo e Anastasio (founded by Pope Honorius I in 625), S. Maria Scala Coeli (founded in the 12th century) and S. Paolo from the 5th century. In the 7th century Greek or Armenian monks settled in Tre Fontane. a. a Cluniac settlement. The monks were probably driven away by the malaria. Pope Innocent II handed the monastery over to the Cistercians; this should against the will of St. Bernard of Clairvaux , who thought Rome was a spelunca latronum . In 1140 monks from the Clairvaux primary abbey under the abbot Bernardo Paganelli, who in 1145 became Pope Eugene III. was chosen the monastery. In the following years several cardinals emerged from the abbey.
Because of the malaria, the monks were initially forced to spend the summers at Nemi Castle. Tre Fontane six subsidiary ups went out: Santa Maria Casanova (Abruzzo) , Santa Maria Arabona , Monastery of Santa Maria de Caritate , Convent of Sant'Agostino di Montalto , Monastery of Santa Maria di Palazzolo and monastery of Santa Maria di Ponza . The rebuilding of the abbey was not completed until 1221. At the beginning of the 15th century, the abbey fell into Kommende . In the turmoil of the Napoleonic era, the abbey came to an end in 1808, 1810 or 1812 (the information differs). In 1826 it was occupied by Minorites and since 1868 there has been a Trappist settlement . The monk Franz Pfanner , who later founded the Mariannhill Missionaries and Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood in South Africa, was particularly responsible for the rebuilding of the monastery as a Trappist abbey .
Plant and buildings
The complex around SS. Vinzenzo e Anastasio shows the image of a normal Cistercian complex, but opposite the typical arrangement (as in Maulbronn Monastery, for example ), i.e. with the enclosure to the left (north) of the church. This is a three-aisled basilica with an open roof, a short transept with two side chapels in the east and a rectangular choir. The cloister also shows no special features (chapter house in the east, refectory in the north). There is a portico in front of the west facade of the church. The other two churches date from the end of the 16th / beginning of the 17th century. The entrance portal is named after Charlemagne.
Individual evidence
- ^ Enrico Parlato, Serena Romano: Romanesque in Rome and Latium. Zodiaque-Echter, Würzburg 1995, pp. 177-180.
literature
- Balduino Gustavo Bedini: Breve prospetto delle Abazie Cistercensi d'Italia. Dalla fondazione di Citeaux (1098) alla metà del secolo decimoquarto. sn, sl 1964, p. 30 ff., (with further references).
- Enrico Parlato, Serena Romano: Romanesque in Rome and Latium. Zodiaque-Echter, Würzburg 1995, ISBN 3-429-01705-X , pp. 177-180.
- Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri: Tre Fontane. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume 8: City (Byzantine Empire) to Werl. Lexma-Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9 , pp. 965-966.
- Abbazia delle Tre Fontane (Ed.): Tre Fontane. Abbazia delle Tre Fontane, Rome 1997.
