Local elections in the People's State of Hesse 1919/1920

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The local elections in the People's State of Hesse in 1919/1920 were the first local elections after the November Revolution .

General

In the people's state of Hesse , after the November Revolution, power was in fact taken over at the local level by workers 'and soldiers' councils . With the election of the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse # constituent people's chamber on January 26, 1919, power passed for the first time to a parliament determined by general elections. At the municipal level, the bodies elected in the Grand Duchy of Hesse initially remained in office. Accordingly, it was necessary to re-elect the municipal bodies. However, this was initially prevented by the Spartacus uprising and then made more difficult by the Allied occupation of the Rhineland . The Allied occupation of the Rhineland, which took place on the basis of the Versailles Treaty , affected around 40 percent of the national territory, in particular the province of Rheinhessen on the left bank of the Rhine , but also temporarily areas of the Starkenburg province , which were occupied by French troops until June 30, 1930.

Accordingly, the elections for the municipal, district and provincial parliaments took place at different times. There were no elections in the occupied territory (with the exception of Mainz). The committees there were filled on the basis of the unified election proposals of the parties in accordance with the results of the state elections.

Legal basis

After the November Revolution, the district and provincial days were democratized. Accordingly, the election of the provincial days now took place in direct, free and equal elections by the citizens of the respective provinces. The members of the district and provincial assemblies were elected for three years each according to the principles of proportional representation. For the first time, women's suffrage was also guaranteed.

The elections of the provincial assemblies

The election of the provincial days took place in the province of Upper Hesse on August 31, 1919. In the province of Starkenburg , elections took place on February 1, 1920, in the province of Rheinhessen there was an election of the provincial assembly on the same day on a united election proposal of all parties based on the state election results. Only the USPD did not join the action of the other parties and, despite the occupation regime, made its own list.

In Upper Hesse the number of voters was 63,048. With 401 invalid votes, the number of valid votes was 62,647. The parties accounted for:

Political party Absolutely Seats
USPD 5945 3
SPD 19,879 12
DDP 4623 2
DVP 5764 3
Hessian People's Party and Hessian Farmers' Union 26,436 15th

In the Starkenburg province, the number of voters was 160,009. With 2,759 invalid votes, the number of valid votes was 157,250. The parties accounted for:

Political party Absolutely Seats
USPD 16,851 5
SPD 51,917 17th
DDP 15.096 5
DVP 28,614 9
Center and Hessian People's Party 44,199 14th
Others 573 ./.

In Rheinhessen the number of eligible voters was 226,519 and that of voters 76,002. With 139 invalid votes, the number of valid votes was 75,863. The parties accounted for:

Political party Absolutely Seats
USPD 6067 3
United nomination 69,796
SPD 9
DDP 9
center 11
DVP 8th

The elections of the district councils

The election of the district councils took place according to the following table.

district election day Eligible voters Voters invalid votes Valid votes annotation
Darmstadt district February 1, 1920 81,927 36,714 2735 33,979
Bensheim district August 17, 1919 39,756 14,641 74 14,567
Dieburg district August 24, 1919 35,887 15.308 86 15,122
District of Erbach August 24, 1919 0 0 0 9052
Groß-Gerau district February 1, 1920 37,465 19,387 806 18,581
Heppenheim district August 24, 1919 28,162 12,550 49 12,501
Offenbach district February 1, 1920 0 49,754 1177 48,577
Pouring circle August 17, 1919 60,808 21.094 75 21,019
Alsfeld district August 17, 1919 21,196 7084 25th 7059
Büdingen district August 17, 1919 23,704 8544 49 8495
Friedberg district August 17, 1919 49,800 22,374 94 22,280
Lauterbach district August 17, 1919 0 7343 30th 7313
Circle bulkheads August 17, 1919 0 0 0 0 There were no elections
Mainz district February 1, 1920 92,514 32,013 84 31,929
Alzey district February 1, 1920 0 0 0 0 There were no elections
Bingen district February 1, 1920 25,604 0 0 0 There were no elections
Oppenheim district February 1, 1920 26,422 0 0 0 There were no elections
District of Worms February 1, 1920 0 0 0 0 There were no elections

The district elections resulted in the following results

district USPD SPD DDP center DVP Hessian People's Party Hessian farmers' union Others annotation
0 be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats be right Seats
Darmstadt district 0 0 12,131 11 4866 4th 1850 1 15,132 14th 0 0 0 0 List connection of DVP and HVP
Bensheim district 0 0 5255 10 1537 3 4575 9 942 1 2258 4th 0 0 0 0
Dieburg district 1597 3 4368 8th 1939 3 3510 6th 3708 7th 0 0 0 0 List connection of DVP and HVP
District of Erbach 0 0 3657 9 1456 3 632 1 1097 0 0 0 0 0 2210 8th The Agricultural Association for the district of Erbach is shown under "Other"; the mandates of the DVP are also included in these 8
Groß-Gerau district 1984 3 954 10 2332 3 1433 2 5878 9 0 0 List connection of DVP, HVP and Bauernbund
Heppenheim district 0 0 4008 8th 1327 2 5419 11 1747 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Offenbach district 7914 5 18938 12 4191 2 10,996 7th 6538 4th 0 0 List connection of DVP, HVP and Bauernbund
Pouring circle 2937 4th 5417 8th 1881 2 0 0 1714 2 0 0 9070 14th 0 0
Alsfeld district 0 0 1675 5 6538 14th List connection of all bourgeois parties
Büdingen district 0 0 2933 7th 222 2 0 0 0 0 4262 12 1078 2 List connection between HVP and Bauernbund / The "others" were non-party applicants
Friedberg district 0 0 9354 13 1402 2 2402 3 963 1 8159 11 0 0
Lauterbach district 0 0 1316 3 5997 18th List connection of all bourgeois parties
Mainz district 4872 4th ./. 9 ./. 4th ./. 8th ./. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 The list of all parties except the USPD received 27,057 votes
Alzey district ./. 0 ./. 5 ./. 6th ./. 4th ./. 6th 0 0 0 0 0 0 United nomination
Bingen district ./. 0 ./. 5 ./. 4th ./. 9 ./. 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 United nomination
Oppenheim district ./. 0 ./. 5 ./. 5 ./. 6th ./. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 United nomination
District of Worms ./. 1 ./. 9 ./. 4th ./. 7th ./. 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 United nomination

The elections of the city and municipal parliaments

In addition, elections were also held for the city and local parliaments. The city council and municipal council elections took place on different dates, most recently in June 1919, in the occupied territory in November 1919. The election was based on proportional representation for 3 years. In municipalities in which only one nomination was submitted, no elections took place, but the nomination was considered to have been elected.

Number of nominations Starkenburg Upper Hesse Rheinhessen Country
1 208 261 111 580
2 98 140 37 275
3 44 23 20th 87
4 and more 23 7th 11 41

In the elections for the Offenbach City Council on June 1, 1919, the SPD received 16 seats, the USPD twelve, the DDP nine, the German Center Party seven and the Hessian People's Party four seats.

literature

  • Communications from the Hessian Central Office for State Statistics, No. 9, October 1920, p. 144.
  • Communications from the Hessian Central Office for State Statistics, No. 4, May 1921, p. 49 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Law amending the district and provincial order of July 8, 1911 concerning April 15, 1919 (Government Gazette 191, pages 164-179)
  2. ^ "Left majority in the Offenbach city council elections, June 1, 1919", in: Zeitgeschichte in Hessen < https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/idrec/sn/edb/id/2904 > (status: October 8, 2018)