Kopfried

Kopfried
	Rostred Kopfried ( Schoenus ferrugineus )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre :	Kopfried
Scientific name
	Schoenus
	L.

The plant genus Kopfried ( Schoenus ) belongs to the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It got the German name "Ried" from its occurrence in the moor = Ried.

description

Schoenus apogon

Schoenus brevifolius

Schoenus calcatus

Schoenus ericetorum

Illustration of the Black Kopfried ( Schoenus nigricans ) and Rostroten Kopfried ( Schoenus ferrugineus )

Schoenus imberbis

Schoenus melanostachys

Schoenus nanus

Black Kopfried ( Schoenus nigricans )

Inflorescence of the black head ( Schoenus nigricans )

Schoenus pauciflorus

Schoenus variicellae

Schoenus villosus

Vegetative characteristics

Schoenus species are perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of growth of up to 60, rarely up to 130 centimeters. They can form dense lawns. The leaves are usually all basal, very narrow and shorter than the stem.

Generative characteristics

Spikelets are arranged in narrow paniculate , racemose or spike - like inflorescences . In the European species it is terminal and consists of clustered head-like, spikelets with few flowers. The bract of the lowest spikelet often includes the entire inflorescence. The spikelets contain one to three mostly hermaphrodite flowers , less often four to nine flowers. The perianth consists of three to six bristles or is completely absent. Each hermaphrodite flower contains one to six stamens and two or three stigmas. The nut fruit is bluntly triangular.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Schoenus was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Schoenus is derived from the Greek word schoinos for rush. Synonyms for Schoenus L. are: Chaetospora R.Br. , Cyclocampe Steud. , Gymnochaeta Steud. , Helothrix Nees , Isoschoenus Nees , Lepidospora (F.Muell.) F.Muell. , Lophocarpus Boeckeler , Melanoschoenos Ség. , Neolophocarpus E.G. Camus , Ptilanthelium Steud. , Streblidia Link .

The main distribution area of the Schoenus species is Australia (with around 70 species), New Zealand, New Guinea, also Asia, South America and the islands in the Pacific. In Europe there are only two species, of which the rust-red copfried ( Schoenus ferrugineus L. ) is restricted to Europe, while the black raspberry ( Schoenus nigricans L. ) is the only species of the genus that occurs in several parts of the world. In Europe there is also nature hybrid : Schoenus × Scheuchzeri Brügger (Syn .: Schoenus × intermedius Brügger ) = Schoenus ferrugineus × Schoenus nigricans .

The genus Kopfried ( Schoenus L. ) includes about 130 species:

Schoenus absconditus Kük. : This endemic occurs only in Tasmania .
Schoenus achaetus (T.Koyama) T.Koyama : Caroline Islands and Fiji.
Schoenus acuminatus R.Br. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus adnatus (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus andinus (Phil.) H.Pfeiff. : Chile and southern Argentina.
Schoenus andrewsii W. Fitzg. : West Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus antarcticus (Hook. F.) Dusén : southernmost Argentina and southernmost Chile.
Schoenus apogon Roem. & Schult. : Temperate East Asia to Indochina, Eastern and Southeastern Australia to New Zealand. With two varieties.
Schoenus arenicola T.L.Elliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus armeria (Nees) Boeckeler : Southwestern Australia.
Schoenus asperocarpus F. Muell. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus autumnalis (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus badius Rye : Western Australia .
Schoenus benthamii F. Muell. : West Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus bifidus (Nees) Boeckeler : Southwestern Australia.
Schoenus biglumis chick. : Tasmania.
Schoenus breviculmis Benth. : Southern Australia. With two varieties.
Schoenus brevifolius R.Br. : Ogasawara Islands to New Zealand.
Schoenus brevisetis (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus caespititius W. Fitzg. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus calcatus K.L.Wilson : Western Australia.
Schoenus calostachyus (R.Br.) Poir. : Southeast China to Indochina and eastern Australia.
Schoenus calyptratus chick. : Southeast Australia.
Schoenus capillifolius D.A. Cooke : West Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus carsei Cheeseman : Southeastern Australia, New Zealand.
Schoenus centralis bib : Central Australia.
Schoenus clandestinus S.T.Blake : West-Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus compactus (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus complanatus (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : Southwestern Cape Province.
Schoenus crassus (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus cruentus (Nees) Benth. : Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus curvifolius (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus curvulus F. Muell. : Northern Borneo, southwest Sulawesi, New Guinea, Wallis Islands .
Schoenus cygneus (Nees) Nees : Southwestern Australia.
Schoenus deformis (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Southern Australia to Victoria.
Schoenus delicatulus (Fernald) J. Core : Northern Borneo, Palawan .
Schoenus discifer Tate : Southwest Western Australia, Southeast Southern Australia.
Schoenus dregeanus (Boeckeler) Kuntze : Southwestern Cape Province.
Schoenus efoliatus F. Muell. : Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus elegans S.T.Blake : West-Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus ericetorum R.Br. : Southeast Queensland to New South Wales.
Schoenus evansianus K.L.Wilson : New South Wales.
Schoenus exilis (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus falcatus R.Br. : Southern China to Indochina and Northern Australia. With two varieties.
Rust-red head , rust-red head ( Schoenus ferrugineus L. , Syn .: Schoenus nigricans Hoppe , Schoenus karpatii Pénzes ): Europe.
Schoenus fluitans Hook. f. : Southeast Australia, North Island of New Zealand.
Schoenus galpinii (Schönland & Turrill) TLElliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus globifer Nees : Western Australia.
Schoenus gracillimus T.L.Elliott & Muasya : Southwest Cape Province.
Schoenus graminifolius (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus grammatophyllus F. Muell. : West Southwest Western Australia.
Schoenus grandiflorus (Nees) F.Muell. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus griffinianus K.L.Wilson : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus hexandrus F. Muell. & Tate : Western Australia.
Schoenus humilis Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus imberbis R.Br. : New South Wales to Victoria.
Schoenus indutus Benth. : West Southwest Western Australia .
Schoenus insolitus K.L.Wilson : Western Australia.
Schoenus kennyi (FMBailey) STBlake : Eastern Australia.
Schoenus laevigatus W. Fitzg. : Southern Australia.
Schoenus laevinux (Kük.) Ohwi : From the Moluccas to the Carolines.
Schoenus lanatus Labill. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus latelaminatus chick. : Southeast Queensland to Southeast Australia.
Schoenus latitans S.T.Blake : West Southwest Western Australia .
Schoenus lepidosperma (F.Muell.) KLWilson : Southeast Queensland to southeast Australia.
Schoenus loliaceus Kük. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus longibracteatus Kük. : Northern Borneo, Western New Guinea.
Schoenus lucidus (CBClarke) TLElliott & Muasya : Southwestern Cape Province.
Schoenus lymansmithii M.T.Strong : Brazil.
Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult. : From Malesia to the Mariana Islands and to New Zealand.
Schoenus melanostachys R.Br. : Northern Borneo, Mindoro , Eastern Australia.
Schoenus minutulus F. Muell. : Southern Western Australia.
Schoenus moorei Benth. : New South Wales.
Schoenus multiglumis Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus nanus (Nees) Benth. : Southern Australia.
Schoenus natans (F.Muell.) Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus neocaledonicus C.B. Clarke : New Caledonia.
Schoenus neovillosus T.L.Elliott & Muasya : Southwestern Cape Province.
Schwarzes Kopfried , Schwarze Kopfbinse ( Schoenus nigricans L. ): With cosmopolitan distribution. It is in Africa in Eritrea , Somalia , Egypt , Libya , Morocco , Tunisia , South Africa ; in West Asia in Yemen , Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Afghanistan; in the Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan, Ciscaucasia; in Central Asia: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; on the Indian subcontinent in Pakistan; in Eastern Europe in Estonia, Ukraine; in Central Europe: Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland; in Northern Europe in Denmark, Ireland; Sweden, United Kingdom; in Southeastern Europe in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia; in south-western Europe in France, Portugal, Spain; in North America in Texas, Florida, California, Nevada; in Mexico in Chiapas, Yucatan; in Central America in Belize , Honduras ; widespread in the Caribbean islands of the Bahamas , Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica, Turks and Caicos Islands .
Schoenus nitens (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Western New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand. With two varieties.
Schoenus nudifructus C.Chen : Yunnan.
Schoenus obtusifolius (Nees) Boeckeler : Southwestern Australia.
Schoenus odontocarpus F. Muell. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus ornithopodioides (Chick.) STBlake : Southeast Queensland.
Schoenus paludosus (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Southeast Queensland to New South Wales.
Schoenus pauciflorus (Hook. F.) Hook. f. : New Zealand.
Schoenus pedicellatus (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : West Southwest Western Australia .
Schoenus pennisetis S.T.Blake : West Southwest Western Australia .
Schoenus pleiostemoneus F. Muell. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus plumosus Rye : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus punctatus R.Br. : Thailand, New Guinea to Northern Australia, Guam .
Schoenus pygmaeus S.T.Blake : Tasmania.
Schoenus quadrangularis Boeckeler : South Africa.
Schoenus racemosus J.M.Black : South Australia .
Schoenus rhynchosporoides (Steud.) Kük. : Chile to southern Argentina.
Schoenus rigens S.T.Blake : West Southwest Western Australia .
Schoenus riparius T.L.Elliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus rivularis J.Raynal ex KLWilson : New Caledonia.
Schoenus rodwayanus W. Fitzg . : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus scabripes Benth. : Southeast Queensland to northeast New South Wales.
Schoenus × Scheuchzeri Brügger = Schoenus ferrugineus × Schoenus nigricans : It occurs in France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic and Sweden.
Schoenus schonlandii (Turrill) TLElliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus sculptus (Nees) Boeckeler : Southern Australia.
Schoenus sesquispicula C.B.Clarke : Southern Western Australia.
Schoenus setiformis S.T.Blake : Western New Guinea.
Schoenus sinensis Hand.-Mazz. : Southern China.
Schoenus smitinandii T.Koyama : Eastern Thailand.
Schoenus sparteus R.Br. : Lesser Sunda Islands to northern Australia.
Schoenus subaphyllus Kük. : Eastern and Southern Australia.
Schoenus subbarbatus Kük. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus subbulbosus Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus subfascicularis Kük. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus subflavus Kük. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus sublateralis (Steud.) CBClarke : Southwestern Australia.
Schoenus sublaxus Chick. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus submicrostachyus Kük. : Southern Western Australia.
Schoenus tendo (Hook. F.) Banks & Sol. ex Hook. f. : North Island of New Zealand.
Schoenus tenellus Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus tenuellus T.L.Elliott & Muasya : Cape Province.
Schoenus tenuissimus Benth. : Southern Australia.
Schoenus tesquorum J.M.Black : Southeastern Australia.
Schoenus thedae M.D.Barrett & RLBarrett : It was first described in 2015 from Western Australia.
Schoenus trachycarpus F. Muell. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus turbinatus (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. : Southeast Queensland to Tasmania.
Schoenus unispiculatus F. Muell. ex Benth. : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus vaginatus Benth. : Southeast Queensland.
Schoenus variabilis (Levyns) TLElliott & Muasya : South Africa.
Schoenus variicellae Rye : Southwest Australia.
Schoenus villosus R.Br. : Southeast Queensland to New South Wales.
Schoenus yarrabensis Domin : This endemic occurs only in Queensland .

literature

Wolfram Schultze Motel: Schoenus L. In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa . Volume II, Part 1, 3rd edition. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin / Hamburg 1967-1975, ISBN 3-489-54020-4 , pp. 68-74.
David Allardice Webb: Schoenus L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin and others: Flora Europaea . Volume 5. Cambridge University Press, 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , p. 289.
Georg Kükenthal : Preparatory work for a monograph of the Rhynchosporoideae. Volume 44. Repertorium specierum novarum (Fedde), 1938, pp. 1-32, 65-101, 161-195.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schoenus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Kopfried ( Schoenus ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schoenus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2018.