Corals (mushrooms)
Corals | ||||||||||||
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Cockscomb coral ( Ramaria botrytis ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ramaria | ||||||||||||
Ms. ex Bonord. |
In addition to the marine life of the same name, corals also include the mushroom species with bush-like fruiting bodies from the pig's ear relatives family . The representatives of the genera coral mushrooms ( Clavulina ), clubs ( Clavaria ) and meadow clubs ( Clavulinopsis ) may look similar, but belong to a different order.
The type species is the cockscomb coral ( Ramaria botrytis ).
features
Macroscopic features
The height of the fruiting bodies of the corals differs from species to species, but they rarely exceed 15-20 cm. The tri-colored coral ( Ramaria formosa ) can, however, reach a height of up to 30 cm. The diameters of the different species also vary from about 5–15 cm, and the colors of the fruiting bodies are colored differently. From the stalk, the narrow, 5–20 mm wide fruiting bodies stand together like tufts in vertical, dense, mostly parallel branches, which branch out again further up. The rather short branch ends are rounded-pointed. The meat is usually tough and pliable, it is firm and not brittle. It smells pleasantly spicy.
Microscopic features
The spores are ocher to brown and elliptical.
ecology
Some types of corals grow on the coniferous forest floor in the undergrowth. The tufts are usually arranged in witch rings and can be found from late autumn to winter. Other species are found on stumps or the ground in deciduous and coniferous forests, from midsummer to autumn.
species
Around 120 taxa occur in Europe or are to be expected there.
Corals ( Ramaria ) in Europe |
Green spotted spruce coral
Ramaria abietinaYellow sooty coral
Ramaria fennicaFluttering spruce coral
Ramaria flaccidaTricolor coral
Ramaria formosaOrange-yellow mountain coral
Ramaria largentiiFormosa-like coral
Ramaria neoformosaBellyache coral
Ramaria maireiRigid coral
Ramaria strictaRose-red coral
Ramaria subbotrytis
meaning
Rooster comb coral ( R. botrytis ) and golden yellow coral ( R. aurea ) are considered edible . Because of the risk of confusion with poisonous species, great caution is advised here.
The other corals are inedible, some even poisonous. Your meat tastes mildly spicy to bitter, while cooking the bitter note, which is often caused by the bitter substance pistillarin, intensifies . Poisonous species can cause severe gastrointestinal complaints ( stomach pain, nausea , vomiting and diarrhea ) after consumption and a short latency period , for example the stomach ache coral ( R. mairei ) or the three-colored coral ( R. formosa ). But there are also species that only cause symptoms in some people due to allergies to the toxins they contain . It is still unknown which toxins are present in the corals.
swell
literature
- Theodor Holmskiold: Top vamps as indbefatte kölle and Greensvampene med en kort for declaring about their indvortes bygning. Coryphaei clavarias ramariasque complectentes cum brevi structurae interioris expositione. Möller & Sons, Copenhagen 1790.
- M. Moser, W. Jülich, U. Peintner: Color Atlas of Basidiomycetes. volume V: Aphyllophorales: Ramaria - Xylobolus. Elsevier & Fischer Munich, Stuttgart 1985-98. ISSN 0177-9508
- Josef Christan: The genus Ramaria in Germany: Monograph on the genus Ramaria in Germany with a key to the European species. IHW publishing house, Eching b. Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-930167-71-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Admir J. Giachini, Kentaro Hosaka, Eduardo Nouhra, Joseph Spatafora, James M. Trappe: Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences . In: British Mycological Society (Ed.): Fungal Biology . tape 114 , 2010, pp. 224-234 ( PDF; 2.86 MB ).
- ↑ Hermann Friedrich Bonorden: Handbook of general mycology . Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1851, p. 166 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Ramaria . fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. November 2, 2007, accessed June 25, 2012 .