Corals (mushrooms)

Corals
Cockscomb coral ( Ramaria botrytis )
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : Phallomycetidae Order : Pig- eared (Gomphales) Family : Pig's ear relatives (Gomphaceae) Genre : Corals
Scientific name
Ramaria
Ms. ex Bonord.

In addition to the marine life of the same name, corals also include the mushroom species with bush-like fruiting bodies from the pig's ear relatives family . The representatives of the genera coral mushrooms ( Clavulina ), clubs ( Clavaria ) and meadow clubs ( Clavulinopsis ) may look similar, but belong to a different order.

The type species is the cockscomb coral ( Ramaria botrytis ).

features

Macroscopic features

The height of the fruiting bodies of the corals differs from species to species, but they rarely exceed 15-20 cm. The tri-colored coral ( Ramaria formosa ) can, however, reach a height of up to 30 cm. The diameters of the different species also vary from about 5–15 cm, and the colors of the fruiting bodies are colored differently. From the stalk, the narrow, 5–20 mm wide fruiting bodies stand together like tufts in vertical, dense, mostly parallel branches, which branch out again further up. The rather short branch ends are rounded-pointed. The meat is usually tough and pliable, it is firm and not brittle. It smells pleasantly spicy.

Microscopic features

The spores are ocher to brown and elliptical.

ecology

Some types of corals grow on the coniferous forest floor in the undergrowth. The tufts are usually arranged in witch rings and can be found from late autumn to winter. Other species are found on stumps or the ground in deciduous and coniferous forests, from midsummer to autumn.

species

Around 120 taxa occur in Europe  or are to be expected there.

Corals ( Ramaria ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Green spotted coral Ramaria abietina (Persoon 1794: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1888 Ramaria abietina var.  Valida Christan 2008 Whitish yellow coral Ramaria albidoflava Shield 1992 Pink and white coral Ramaria alborosea Shield 1992 Leather yellow coral Ramaria alutacea Shield 2003 Ramaria anisata Shield 1982 Turquoise-tipped coral Ramaria apiculata (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Donk 1933 Ramaria apiculata var.  Brunnea RH Petersen 1972 Neon yellow coral Ramaria arcosuensis Schild, Brotzu & A. Gennari 1998 Silvery coral Ramaria argentea RH Petersen 1981 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Golden yellow coral Ramaria aurea (Schaeffer 1774) Quélet 1888 Coral that discolours wine brown Ramaria bataillei (Maire 1913) Corner 1950 Cockscomb coral Ramaria botrytis (described as " botrytes ") (Persoon 1797: Frieze 1821) Bourdot 1894 Ramaria botrytis f. musicolor Shield 1982 Ramaria botrytis var.  Compactospora Schild & G. Ricci in Schild 1998 Cockscomb-like coral Ramaria botrytoides (Peck 1905) Corner 1950 White coffee-colored coral Ramaria brienzensis Shield 1992 Broomes bitter coral Ramaria broomei (Cotton & Wakefield 1919) RH Petersen 1981 Ramaria brunneicontusa RH Petersen 1989 Brown spotted coral Ramaria brunneomaculata Shield 1992 Cocoa coral Ramaria cacao (Coker 1923) Corner 1950 Gray-brown coral Ramaria canobrunnea Shield 2003 Ramaria celerivirescens Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Strongly discoloring coral Ramaria cettoi Shield 1984 ('1983') Club coral Ramaria clavarioides Shield 1998 Ramaria claviramulata Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Ramaria cokeri RH Petersen 1977 ('1976') Thin-leaved earth coral Ramaria comitis Shield 1998 Crowded coral Ramaria condensata (Frieze 1838) Quélet 1888 Ramaria corrugata (P. Karsten 1868) shield 1975 ss. orig., non ss. sign Short spore pine coral Ramaria curta (Frieze 1861) shield 1994 Chunky or olive yellow coral Ramaria decurrens (Persoon 1822) RH Petersen 1981 Dolomites coral Ramaria dolomitica Franchi & M. Marchetti 2000 Emerald coral Ramaria echinovirens (described as " echino-virens ") Corner, KS Thind & Dev 1957 Ramaria eosanguinea RH Petersen 1976 Yellow ocher pine coral Ramaria eumorpha (P. Karsten 1882) Corner 1950 Beech coral Ramaria fagetorum Maas-Geesteranus 1976 ex shield 1978 Ramaria fagicola RH Petersen 1975 Yellow sooty coral Ramaria fennica (P. Karsten 1868) Ricken 1920 Ramaria fennica var.  Cedretorum (Maire 1914) Shield 1995 Purple-gray coral Ramaria fennica var.  Fumigata (Peck 1879) Schild 1995 Ramaria fennica var.  Violacea Shield 1995 Fluttering spruce coral Ramaria flaccida (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Bourdot 1898 Sulfur yellow coral Ramaria flava (Schaeffer 1774: Fries 1821) Quélet 1888 Ramaria flava var.  Scandinavica (RH Petersen 1989) Christan 2008 Fine coral Ramaria flava var.  Subtilis (Coker 1923) Corner 1966 Yellowish coral Ramaria flavescens (Schaeffer 1774) RH Petersen 1974 Ramaria flavicingula RH Petersen 1989 Bright yellow Mediterranean coral Ramaria flavissima Shield 1998 Yellow-browning coral Ramaria flavobrunnescens (GF Atkinson 1909) Corner 1950 Ramaria flavobrunnescens var.  Aurea (Coker 1923) Corner 1950 Radish-scented coral Ramaria flavoides Shield 1981 Yellowish salmon coral Ramaria flavosalmonicolor Shield 1990 Tricolor coral Ramaria formosa (Persoon 1797: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1888 Dainty coral Ramaria gracilis (Persoon 1797: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1888 Ramaria grandipes Schild & RH Petersen 1980 Ramaria gypsea Shield 1982 Ramaria helodes Christan & G. Bauer 2008 Fire-colored coral Ramaria ignicolor Bresadola in tart. ex Corner 1950 Dirty coral Ramaria inquinata Shield 1992 Pale pink coral Ramaria intimorosea Schild & Vrscaj 1992 Small beech coral Ramaria krieglsteineri Shield 1997 Light browning coral Ramaria lactobrunnescens Shield 1980 Orange mountain coral Ramaria largentii Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Ramaria largentii var.  Citrina Shield 1992 Ramaria longispora Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Light yellow coral Ramaria lutea (Vittadini 1834) Shield 1977 Ramaria luteofusca May 1937 Magnificent coral Ramaria magnifica Shield 1983 Bellyache or pale coral Ramaria mairei Donk 1933 Mediterranean coral Ramaria mediterranea Schild & Franchi 1998 Murrill's coral Ramaria murrillii (Coker 1923) Corner 1950 Ramaria mutabilis Schild & RH Petersen 1981 Rooted coral Ramaria myceliosa (Peck 1904) Corner 1950 Formosa-like coral Ramaria neoformosa RH Petersen 1976 Snow-white coral Ramaria nivalis Cetto 1987 (nom. Prov.) Ramaria ochracea (Bresadola 1899) Corner 1950 Ramaria ochraceovirens (Junghuhn 1830: Fries 1832) Donk 1933 Ocher green coral Ramaria ochrochlora Furrer-Ziogas & Schild 1971 Pale coral Ramaria pallidissima Schild & G. Ricci 1998 Pink-yellow beech coral Ramaria pallidosaponaria RH Petersen 1989 Bog coral Ramaria paludosa (S. Lundell 1932) Schild 1980 ('1979') Ramaria polonica RH Petersen 1975 Early coral Ramaria praecox Shield 2003 Ramaria pseudogracilis RH Petersen 1975 Dwarf coral Ramaria pumila Shield 1992 Holm oak coral Ramaria quercus-ilicis Shield 1998 Ramaria rasilispora var.  Scatesiana Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Ramaria rielii Boudier 1897 ('Rieli') Steppe coral Ramaria roellinii Shield 1978 Rosaliche coral Ramaria roseola Shield 2003 Red-brown coral Ramaria rubella (Schaeffer 1774) RH Petersen 1974 Flesh red coral Ramaria rubricarnata Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Ramaria rubrievanescens Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Pink-tipped coral Ramaria rubripermanens Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Red-toothed coral Ramaria rufescens (Schaeffer 1774) Corner 1950 Ramaria safraniolens Christan 2008 Blood red staining coral Ramaria sanguinea (Persoon 1800) Quélet 1888 Sardinian coral Ramaria sardiniensis Schild & G. Ricci 1998 Trimmed coral Ramaria schildii RH Petersen 1988 Wine-brown coral Ramaria secunda (Berkeley 1873) Corner 1950 Ramaria sesiana Shield 1989 Fine prickly coral Ramaria spinulosa (Persoon 1800: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1888 Strasser's coral Ramaria strasseri (Bresadola 1900) Corner 1950 Stiff coral Ramaria stricta (Persoon 1795: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1888 Ramaria stricta var.  Concolor Corner 1950 Ramaria stricta var.  Violaceotincta (Bourdot & Galzin 1928) Corner 1950 Rose-red coral Ramaria subbotrytis (Coker 1923) Corner 1950 Ramaria subbotrytis f. flavipes Franchi & M. Marchetti 2001 Lavender coral Ramaria subdecurrens (Coker 1923) Corner 1950 Swedish coral Ramaria suecica (Fries 1815: Fries 1821) Donk 1933 Earth brown coral Ramaria terrea Shield 1990 Yellow-tipped coral Ramaria testaceoflava (Bresadola 1884) Corner 1950 Chestnut coral Ramaria thalliovirescens Franchi & M. Marchetti 2000 Tridentine coral Ramaria tridentina Shield 1981 Ramaria tsugina (Peck 1903) Marr & DE Stuntz 1974 ('1973') Cinnamon brownish coral Ramaria varians Shield 1992 Ramaria velenovskyi Pilat 1958 Wine red stemmed coral Ramaria vinaceipes Shield 1990 Ramaria vittadinii RH Petersen 1989

• 

  Green spotted spruce coral
  Ramaria abietina

• 

  Yellow sooty coral
  Ramaria fennica

• 

  Fluttering spruce coral
  Ramaria flaccida

• 

  Tricolor coral
  Ramaria formosa

• 

  Orange-yellow mountain coral
  Ramaria largentii

• 

  Formosa-like coral
  Ramaria neoformosa

• 

  Bellyache coral
  Ramaria mairei

• 

  Rigid coral
  Ramaria stricta

• 

  Rose-red coral
  Ramaria subbotrytis

meaning

Rooster comb coral ( R. botrytis ) and golden yellow coral ( R. aurea ) are considered edible . Because of the risk of confusion with poisonous species, great caution is advised here.

The other corals are inedible, some even poisonous. Your meat tastes mildly spicy to bitter, while cooking the bitter note, which is often caused by the bitter substance pistillarin, intensifies . Poisonous species can cause severe gastrointestinal complaints ( stomach pain, nausea , vomiting and diarrhea ) after consumption and a short latency period , for example the stomach ache coral ( R. mairei ) or the three-colored coral ( R. formosa ). But there are also species that only cause symptoms in some people due to allergies to the toxins they contain . It is still unknown which toxins are present in the corals.

swell

literature

• Theodor Holmskiold: Top vamps as indbefatte kölle and Greensvampene med en kort for declaring about their indvortes bygning. Coryphaei clavarias ramariasque complectentes cum brevi structurae interioris expositione. Möller & Sons, Copenhagen 1790.
• M. Moser, W. Jülich, U. Peintner: Color Atlas of Basidiomycetes. volume V: Aphyllophorales: Ramaria - Xylobolus. Elsevier & Fischer Munich, Stuttgart 1985-98. ISSN  0177-9508
• Josef Christan: The genus Ramaria in Germany: Monograph on the genus Ramaria in Germany with a key to the European species. IHW publishing house, Eching b. Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-930167-71-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Admir J. Giachini, Kentaro Hosaka, Eduardo Nouhra, Joseph Spatafora, James M. Trappe: Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences . In: British Mycological Society (Ed.): Fungal Biology . tape 114 , 2010, pp. 224-234 ( PDF; 2.86 MB ).
2. ↑ Hermann Friedrich Bonorden: Handbook of general mycology . Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1851, p. 166 .
3. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Ramaria . fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. November 2, 2007, accessed June 25, 2012 .  

Web links

Commons : Ramaria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Please note the instructions for collecting mushrooms !