Cornflower bolet
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Cornflower bolet ( Gyroporus cyanescens ) |
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| Gyroporus cyanescens | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull .: Fr. ) Quél. |
The cornflower tubular mushroom ( Gyroporus cyanescens ) is a very rare, edible tubular mushroom from the genus of the pale sprouts . In a short time it turns a strong cornflower blue at the touched areas, which explains its German name.
features
Macroscopic features
The cap of the cornflower tubular is about 5–10 cm wide and lemon-yellow to yellow-ocher, with a dry, coarse felty cap skin. The tubes of the fungus are bulged on the stem and, like the pores, are whitish to pale yellow, injured first turning green, then turning blue. The stem is colored like the hat, mostly chambered, becomes hollow with age and shows a pseudo-ring zone as the tear-off edge of the entire shell (abrupt change in color of the stem from hat-colored to pale, almost white). Its surface is often cracked. The flesh is pale, brittle and brittle and discolored at the slightest injury immediately cornflower blue (with Gyroporus cyanescens fm. Immutabilis remains the Blue off) or in the case of Gyroporus cyanescens var. Vinosovirescens it will not stain only green blue to be black to eventually. The spore powder is pale yellow.
Microscopic features
The spores are smooth, irregularly elliptical, and 9-10.5 × 5-6 micrometers in size. The hyphae of the cornflower tubular, like almost all pale sprouts (with the exception of Gyroporus castaneus fm. Afibulatus ), unlike most other tubulars, have buckles .
Species delimitation
The cornflower boletus is part of a species aggregate made up of four individual species. Two species, Gyroporus cyanescens and Gyroporus pseudcyanescens, show a tear-off edge on the stem, which the other two species, Gyroporus lacteus and Gyroporus pseudolacteus are missing. The distinction between Gyroporus cyanescens and Gyroporus pseudocyanescens is currently not clearly possible using classical methods. With the help of the DNA sequences of the ITS and LSU (each rDNA), all four types can be separated from one another. The species aggregate as a whole can hardly be confused in Europe because of the intense cornflower blue tarnish. The poisonous Gyroporus ammophilus has a salmon-colored flesh that turns blue only a little, and if so, at most with age. The hare boletus ( Gyroporus castaneus ) is more cinnamon brown in color and not blue.
Ecology and phenology
The cornflower bolet occurs on sandy soils in deciduous and coniferous forests, especially with birch, beech and oak. You can usually find it on or directly on the forest paths, but it is missing in some areas. Like all pale sprouts, it forms mycorrhiza . The fruiting bodies grow from June to September, early finds can also appear in May.
meaning
dye
Gyrocyanin , a substance responsible for the blue color of meat when it comes into contact with atmospheric oxygen, is a derivative of pulvic acid . The gyrocyanine and the gyroporine also contained in the fruiting bodies oxidize to blue quinones. In the rare variant lacteus , the substance responsible for the discoloration is missing.
Food value
When it comes to food value, its taste is comparable to that of porcini mushrooms . It is suitable both for braising, whereby the meat loses its cornflower blue color after touching it and becomes beautifully whitish to light yellow again, as well as for drying or freezing.
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 (639 pages; one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Wolfgang Klofac, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber: Revised key for the determination of fresh finds of European species of Boletales with tubular hymenophore . In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 27 , 2020, p. 81-303 .
- ↑ a b c d Alfredo Vizzini, Claudio Angelini, Enrico Ercole: Molecular confirmation of Gyroporus lacteus and typification of Boletus cyanescens . In: Phytotaxa . tape 226 , no. 1 , September 9, 2015, ISSN 1179-3163 , p. 27 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.226.1.3 .
- ↑ a b P.W. Crous, MJ Wingfield, TI Burgess, GESt.J. Hardy, C. Crane et al .: Fungal Planet description sheets: 469-557 . In: Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . tape 37 , no. 1 , December 28, 2016, ISSN 0031-5850 , p. 246-247 (Fungal Planet Sheet No. 479) , doi : 10.3767 / 003158516X694499 .
- ↑ a b c d P.W. Crous, MJ Wingfield, TI Burgess, GESt.J. Hardy, PA Barber et al .: Fungal Planet description sheets: 558-624 . In: Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . tape 38 , no. 1 , June 30, 2017, ISSN 0031-5850 , p. 328–329, Fungal Planet Sheet No. 598 , doi : 10.3767 / 003158517X698941 .
- ^ ML Castro, L. Freire: Gyroporus ammophilus, a new poisonous Bolete from the Iberian Peninsula . In: Persoonia . tape 16 , 1995, pp. 123-126 .
- ↑ Gyroporus cyanescens (Bulliard: Fries) Quélet. In: Mushroom Mapping 2000 Online . German Society for Mycology (DGfM), accessed on July 5, 2012 .
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- ^ Helmut Besl, Andreas Bresinsky, Wolfgang Steglich, Klaus Zipfel: Pilzpigmente, XVII. About gyrocyanine, the blueing principle of the cornflower boletus ( Gyroporus cyanescens ), and an oxidative ring narrowing of the atromentine . In: Chemical Reports . tape 106 (10) . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1973, p. 3223-3229 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19731061012 .
- ^ Tilo Lübken: Hygrophorone. New antifungal cyclopentenone derivatives from Hygrophorus species (Basidiomycetes) . Dissertation to obtain the academic degree doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. Nat.). University of Halle, Halle an der Saale 2006, p. 11–12 (130 p., Uni-halle.de [PDF; 3.2 MB ]).
Web links
- Frank Moser: Cornflower boletus ( Gyroporus cyanescens ). In: Natur-Lexikon.com . Retrieved July 5, 2012 .
