Proofreading

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Under proofreading refers to the revision of a text on any errors. In traditional printing , a manuscript or a copy of it was usually used as a template, after which it was set .

The editing of a text and the proofreading are separated from each other here. In the past, texts often contained typographical errors that were caused by the typesetting machine while typesetting , e.g. B. through incorrect letters or technical defects. Hence the term typo for typing errors that refer to a misaligned or incorrect letter. When handwritten templates (hence the term manuscript from the Latin manu scriptum = written by hand) were still common, it was often easier to revise a text to first set a manuscript and make a copy in order to then check it for errors and include To provide correction marks. It was important not to falsify the author's original text or his intentions. Therefore, it was and is still z. For example, in the case of specialist publications, an author's proofreading is carried out by the original author, which is referred to as revision .

Today's proofreading usually refers to revising any text, whether printed or in digital form (on a computer ), and checking it for errors. The main focus of proofreading is correcting spelling, punctuation and grammar. Professional proofreading also includes correcting the formatting and printing. However, no stylistic changes are made. Proofreading is used, for example, by students, teachers, companies or authors when it comes to important theses, teaching materials or publications. Automatically generated texts are also proofread, for example after a computer-aided automatic translation or retro-digitization .

Proofreading should not be confused with editing , which only partially includes the tasks of proofreading. When editing, the author will also be suggested changes to the content and style, for example if they can serve to improve understanding, reading fluency or tension.

In the times of lead typesetting, it was often common for skilled typesetters to work as proofreaders , so to speak, as retired people during their professional years .

automation

The original function of proofreading is now largely replaced by computer programs for grammar and spell checking . However, tolerance or indifference to printing errors, even in prominent places, has increased: The Reclam-Verlag, for example, presents its current edition of Homer's Iliad on the first page in a “translation” and that of the Odyssey in a “translation”.

Computer programs are only able to check a text for formal errors (spelling, punctuation, simple grammatical constructions) to a certain extent using electronic word and concept catalogs ( dictionary ), and their use must be monitored. These programs have so far not been able to perform a stylistic and factual-content check, which is why word formations that distort the meaning can occur when word breaks in the line sentence (e.g. elephant urine stinks instead of elephant urine instinct or vicar attendant instead of vicar candidate ).

literature

  • Johannes Sailler: manual proofreading. Proofreading, planning the correction process, placing correction orders - with correction knowledge from A to Z. Norderstedt 2017
  • Otto Ellguth: The proofreader . VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1980.
  • Werner Paul Heyd : The proofreader. Attempt of a job description (= library of the German book trade association, series Werkstatt des Buches ). Verlag Documentation, Berlin and Munich-Pullach 1971, ISBN 3-7940-8824-7 .
  • Ernst L. Grieshaber: Against the printing errors. Considerations on Proofreading. Stuttgart 1961
  • Werner Kreutzmann: The practice of proofreading. Leipzig 1957
  • Bernhard Puschmann: The proofreader and reviser in the graphic industry. A methodical guide as a manual for sector work and self-training as well as for vocational schools, training companies and examination boards . Industrial Union of Printing and Paper , Stuttgart, 2nd edition 1954.

See also

Web links

Commons : Proofreading  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The difference between proofreading and editing. In: Lektorat Stolarz. Retrieved July 27, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b Homer: Iliad. Translation [sic], afterword and register by Roland Hampe, Reclam, Stuttgart 2015. ISBN 978-3-15-000249-0 .