Koyna (river)

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Koyna
Koyna during the monsoons

Koyna during the monsoons

Data
location Maharashtra ( India )
River system Krishna
Drain over Krishna  → Indian Ocean
source in the Western Ghats south of Mahabaleshwar
17 ° 54 ′ 5 ″  N , 73 ° 40 ′ 24 ″  E
Source height ~  1000  m
muzzle for the Krishna Ghats of Karad in the Krishna coordinates: 17 ° 17 ′ 45 "  N , 74 ° 10 ′ 33"  E 17 ° 17 ′ 45 "  N , 74 ° 10 ′ 33"  E
Mouth height 580  m
Height difference 420 m

Reservoirs flowed through Shivaji Sagar
Medium-sized cities Karad
Small towns Helwak
Shivaji Sagar Reservoir (Koyna Dam)

Shivaji Sagar Reservoir (Koyna Dam)

The Koyna ( Marathi कोयना नदी IAST Koynā nadī , English Koyna River ) is a right tributary of the Krishna in the west of the Indian state of Maharashtra .

course

In contrast to the other rivers in the Deccan , which flow in an east-west direction, the Koyna flows in a north-south direction, about 65 km away parallel to the coast of the Arabian Sea .

it rises in the rain and water-rich Western Ghats south of Mahabaleshwar (Malcompeth), a hill station in the hill country of Sahyadri , at an altitude of about 1000  m . After about 70 km it reaches Helwak , flows past King Shivaji's Fort in Pratapgadh , where it then turns east. It then passes north of the Chandoli National Park and reaches the fertile valley plains of the Krishna Basin in the Deccan near the village of Naudi, and after another 50 km from the river bend with an estuary of 100 m at the Krishna Ghats of Karad flows into the Krishna. Along with the Tungabhadra River, it is the tributary of the Krishna with the most water.

Koyna Dam

Due to its direction of flow, the Koyna is fed by rainfall all year round, the average rainfall is 5080 mm per year on 60 kilometers of the river. Therefore, in 1962/63, the Shivaji Sagar Lake near Koyna Nagar north of Helwak - between Chiplun and Karad - was dammed, the Koyna Dam is the largest hydroelectric plant in Maharashtra. The lake itself is about 60 km long, and today takes up almost half of the course of the Koyna - it is considered to be the cause of the severe earthquake of December 10, 1967 and sustained further tremors.

Water and biotope

The Koyna is known for its rich algae and aquatic flora; their water shows an olive-green color in the dry season and a brownish-blue color during the monsoon season . She is the namesake for the Koyna River Basin , one of the great aquifers worldwide.

tourism

The wild upper reaches of the Koyna in sections are used for kayaking and rafting tours .

literature

  • K. Naik Pradeep, Arun K. Awasthi, AVSS Anand, Prakash C. Mohan: Hydrogeologic framework of the Deccan terrain of the Koyna River basin, India . In: Hydrogeology Journal . tape 9 , no. 3 . Springer, June 2001, ISSN  1431-2174 , p. 243-264 , doi : 10.1007 / s100400100123 (English, ISSN (print) ISSN  1435-0157 (online)).
  • K. Naik Pradeep, Arun K. Awasthi, AVSS Anand, PN Behera: Hydrogeochemistry of the Koyna River basin, India . In: Environmental earth sciences . tape 59 , no. 3 . Springer, 2009, ISSN  1866-6280 , p. 613–629 (English, abstract , cat.inist.fr (en)).

Web links

Commons : Koyna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Welcome to Koyna Project Hydro Electric Project. In: koynaproject.org → Tapping 1st Time in Asia. Koyna Construction Division, September 2008, accessed April 27, 2010 .
  2. ↑ SK Pramanik, KN Rao: Hydrometeorology of Koyna Catchment . In: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (ed.): Assemblée générale de Rome 1954 . IAHS Red Book Series / Collection des livres rouges de l'AISH, November 14, 1950, p. 432-434 (English, pdf ; Red Book 1954, contents ).
  3. ↑ a b c Koyna River. (No longer available online.) In: economicexpert.com. April 27, 2010, formerly in the original ; accessed on April 27, 2010 (English).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.economicexpert.com  
  4. ↑ Welcome to Koyna River Camp. In: indiaadventureholidays.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2010 ; accessed on April 27, 2010 (English, with photos).