Brilliant cresyl blue
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| Surname | Brilliant cresyl blue | |||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 17 H 20 Cl 3 N 3 O • ½ ZnCl 2 | |||||||||||||||
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| Molar mass | 385.96 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| Melting point |
233-236 ° C |
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| solubility |
soluble in water (3%) and ethanol (2%) |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||||||||
Brilliant cresyl blue is a dye that enables vital or supravital staining of cells. The coloring takes place via the binding of the dye molecules to positive charges in the tissue or to cell organelles such as ribosomes .
chemistry
Brilliant cresyl blue belongs to the diaminobenzooxazines. In the course of time there have been several structures in circulation which are known as brilliant cresyl blue (see illustration). Even related oxazines were sometimes listed as brilliant cresyl blue. Finally, it was also partially declared as new methylene blue .
Structure 1 was produced in the German Reich before the outbreak of World War II, but also shortly after 1980. Structure 2 is the preferred structure of Color Index International , but presumably it was never commercially available. The third structure ( 3 ) has been manufactured in the USA since the 1950's. In some cases this is carried under the name brilliant cresyl blue ALD . The last structure pictured above ( 4 ) was also produced in the US after World War II.
The absorption maximum of the dye in a 50% ethanolic solution is λ max = 622 nm. It is sold either as a hemi- zinc chloride compound or as a chloride. The cation itself (see figure) is weakly hydrophobic . Brilliant cresyl blue is stable and stable when stored in a dark place.
Applications
Brilliant cresyl blue has a long history of application in cell biology . A weakly alcoholic solution of the dye is used to dye specimens or the dye is dissolved in distilled water. The method was described by Lavaditi around 1901 and was initially used for staining blood platelets (thrombocytes) in leukemia patients . Supravital staining using brilliant cresyl blue was also introduced for reticulocytes at that time . The method was developed based on the findings of Nakanishi, who stained bacteria with methylene blue . The penetration of sperm into oocytes could be observed through brilliant cresyl blue. It is also useful in testing red blood cells for correct glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.
Finally, the dye can also be used to check how Blastocystis hominis , a parasitic, eukaryotic pathogen that causes diarrhea, reacts in humans after drug treatment.
Brilliant cresyl blue can also be used for counting reticulocytes in the blood or bone marrow or examining pathological erythroblasts .
In addition to staining animal specimens, it is also possible to stain various plant tissues, for example to observe the division of the nucleus. Both vital preparations and permanent preparations colored with brilliant cresyl blue can be produced. This enables, for example, the comparison of fixed and “living” chromosomes . The staining can also be used to examine other cell organelles. In this context, Harold Joel Conn also described a delay in the growth of tumor cells due to the dye.
More recently, studies have been carried out on the use of brilliant cresyl blue in in vitro fertilization . With the help of the dye it is possible to select egg cells with good development potential. Corresponding studies were carried out on egg cells from mice and dogs.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Datasheet Brilliant Cresyl Blue ALD from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 16, 2016 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c d e Richard W. Horobin, John A. Kiernan: Conn's Biological Stains: A Handbook of Dyes, Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th edition. BIOS Scientific Publ., Oxford 2002, ISBN 1-85996-099-5 , pp. 282-283.
- ↑ Richard W. Horobin, John A. Kiernan: Conn's Biological Stains: A Handbook of Dyes, Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th edition. BIOS Scientific Publ., Oxford 2002, ISBN 1-85996-099-5 , p. 301.
- ↑ a b G. Puchberger: Comment on the vital coloring of human blood platelets with brilliant cresyl blue . In: Virchow's archive. 171 (2), 1903, pp. 181-197.
- ↑ a b c B. C. Arnold. Brilliant cresyl blue as a stain for plant chromosomes. In: Nature. 207 (4994), 1965, p. 329.
- ↑ M. Nakanishi: Preliminary communication on a new staining method for the representation of a finer structure of bacteria . In: German Medical Weekly . 1900.
- ↑ RE Bernstein: Brilliant cresyl blue screening test for demonstrating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in red cells. In: Clinica Chimica Acta. 8 (1), 1963, pp. 158-160.
- ↑ HJ Conn: Biological stains . Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1961.
- ↑ a b Y. G. Wu, Y. Liu et al .: Selection of oocytes for in vitro maturation by brilliant cresyl blue staining: a study using the mouse model. In: Cell Research. 17 (8), 2007, pp. 722-731.
- ↑ BA Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez et al .: Preliminary Study in Immature Canine Oocytes Stained with Brilliant Cresyl Blue and Obtained From Bitches with Low and High Progesterone Serum Profiles. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2009.