Kreuzhof (Regensburg)
Kreuzhof is a small hamlet on the south bank of the Danube east of Regensburg , which was incorporated into the urban area in 1978 as part of the municipal reform.
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history
The name of the hamlet goes back to the Regensburg nunnery Heilig Kreuz , which owned land and an estate here from 1278 until the 19th century.
Already in the 5th millennium BC The Kreuzhof area was inhabited; there were traces and finds from the Neolithic , Urnfield and Hallstatt periods .
Since the 1st century BC BC the area seems to have been largely dry due to better climatic conditions. A sunk Celtic pit house and the crossing of the former water channel by a Roman road are evidence of this. This branched off west of the Kreuzhof to the southeast. At that time there was probably a small Roman settlement or villa rustica along Straubinger Strasse . It probably served to supply the Castra Regina legionary camp , which was built in AD 179 and from which the city of Regensburg emerged . Their remains fell victim to the construction of the harbor basin, as did a Roman cremation cemetery.
In the early Middle Ages (7th century), a stately manor was built next to today's Kreuzhof chapel . The verifiable post holes revealed the finding of a multi-sided courtyard with several outbuildings. To the west of it was the cemetery, in the middle of which there was a small wooden church, which in its dimensions of 14 × 7.5 m is identical to an early medieval wooden church in Staubing near Weltenburg ( Kelheim district ). The church had a square rectangular choir measuring 4 × 4 m. In the grave field there was also a 29 cm high limestone vessel, which was probably used as a holy water container or reliquary . How long this first wooden church lasted is uncertain. In any case, the finds point to a relatively continuous settlement of the Kreuzhof, which possibly only experienced a serious break through the extensive destruction of the place during the Thirty Years War .
The oldest surviving building in the small town is the Romanesque Kreuzhof chapel . It dates from the 12th century and was originally part of the estate that later became the property of the Dominican Sisters of Heilig Kreuz . It was consecrated to St. Aegidius , but has been profaned and, despite its great historical importance, can only be visited in exceptional cases.
According to tradition, the Kreuzhof was both in 1147 under the Roman-German King Konrad III. as well as in 1189 under Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa starting point for crusades . Under Barbarossa, what was probably the largest contingent that a single prince ever contributed to a crusade to pull the Danube down to the Holy Land gathered here .
Furthermore, the dispute between the Guelph Heinrich the Lion and the Babenberg Heinrich Jasomirgott over the Duchy of Bavaria is said to have been settled in the Kreuzhof Chapel on September 8, 1156 by Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa as part of a court day . The originally Bavarian Ostmark was split off from the Bavarian heartland and raised to an independent duchy under the rule of Jasomirgott. The Kreuzhof can therefore be regarded as the birthplace of the Duchy of Austria , from which the later empire and, as a result of the Second World War , the present republic developed.
literature
- Karl Bauer : Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Regensburg 1997
- Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel, Andreas Tillmann, Angelika Wellnhofer: City of Regensburg. Monuments in Bavaria, Volume III.37 . Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Regensburg 1997
- Peter Schmid (Hrsg.): History of the city of Regensburg. Volume 1. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2000
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 27 " N , 12 ° 10 ′ 43" E