Kreuzhof Chapel (Regensburg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The listed Kreuzhof chapel is a Romanesque church building on the eastern edge of the Bavarian city ​​of Regensburg . It is located near the east port on the south bank of the Danube .

Kreuzhof chapel on the Danube near Barbing
Interior view of the apse

investment

Typologically, it is a Romanesque country church with a secular upper floor , similar to that found elsewhere in the Upper Palatinate, for example in Wilchenreuth , Schönkirch , Hof bei Oberviechtach , Schönfeld bei Wald , Harting and Obertrübenbach . As in Hof or Schönfeld, the church is dedicated to St. Aegidius .

The towerless hall church is mainly built from roughly hewn small cuboids. The nave comprises two bays with groin vaults and has a wide central girdle arch over pillar templates . A west gallery with groin vaults protrudes into the nave, the opening arches towards the nave lie on a square central pillar. In the east there is a semi-circular apse with round arched windows , indented behind a simply stepped choir arch . Access is now at ground level from the south, via a double-tiered arched portal with a smooth tympanum . The associated fighters were knocked off at an unknown time. The high arched windows and a small rectangular window in the south wall already indicate high vaulted yokes and a storey above. This floor once served secular purposes, presumably as a hostel for pilgrims or the homeless, possibly also as a storage room or a place of retreat from impending danger. This room was accessible via a narrow staircase inserted into the west gable wall, just as it is in St. Kolomann in Harting and St. Agidius in Schönfeld . The raised inner entrance under the host stone is walled up. An outer upper entrance may also have existed.

history

The builders of the two-storey church are likely to have been the nobles von Barbing , a family of ministers who have been around since the middle of the 12th century. The Kreuzhof area is an ancient settlement area; The traces of continuous settlement go back to the 5th millennium BC, at the time of the Carolingians and Ottonians there was already a larger settlement with a cemetery.

In 1147 the German King Konrad III collected . a large army of crusaders for the Second Crusade on the grounds at Kreuzhof . Only 42 years later, in 1189, this event was repeated under Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa .

According to tradition, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa is said to have previously visited the Kreuzhof when he invited the imperial princes to Regensburg in September 1156 to settle the smoldering dispute between Heinrich Jasomirgott from Babenberg and Heinrich the Lion regarding the Duchy of Baiern . Since Regensburg was a Bavarian residence at the time, i.e. not a neutral ground, the meeting was relocated to the Kreuzhof near Barbing for legal reasons . Heinrich the Lion became the rightful Duke of Bavaria, but the Baierische Ostmark was separated and raised to an independent duchy under Jasomirgott. The associated Privilegium minus is said to have been sealed in the Kreuzhof chapel. Accordingly, the Kreuzhof with its chapel, which was built in its current form shortly before, can be considered the actual birthplace of the sovereign Duchy of Austria .

The name of the chapel and the courtyard comes from a later time. He goes to the Dominican Sisters - Saint-Cross Monastery in Regensburg back, which took the area owned in 1278th

After an eventful history from the Thirty Years' War to modern times , the Kreuzhof chapel was victim of a bomb attack and was badly damaged in World War II . It is thanks to the district nurse Georg Rauchberger and his reconstruction between 1950 and 1973 from private funds that the valuable architectural monument was not lost. Georg Rauchberger was buried in a crypt inside the chapel after his death in 1973. Another repair inside and outside took place in 1987/88.

  • South side with portal

  • View from the southwest

  • View from the east

  • Apse and east gable

  • Interior, view of the gallery

literature

  • Tobias Appl: Kreuzhof and Kreuzhof Chapel . In: Negotiations of the Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg 147 (2007), pp. 29–46 ISSN  0342-2518 .
  • Silvia Codreanu-Windauer , Harald Gieß: The Kreuzhof Chapel . Supplement in Die Regensburger Stadtzeitung, No. 23
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Bavaria V, Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate . P. 569

Web links

Commons : Kreuzhofkapelle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 28 "  N , 12 ° 10 ′ 43.3"  E