Krišjānis barons

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Krišjānis Barons, photo from 1910

Krišjānis Barons (born October 19 . Jul / 31 October  1835 greg. In Strutele, Latvia , † 8. March 1923 in Riga ) was a Latvian folklorist , writer and philologist . In Latvia he is revered as the "father of the Dainas " ( Lat .: "Dainu tēvs" ).

Life

Krišjānis Barons was born as the youngest of eight children of the land manager Juris Barons (1796-1843) and his wife Eņģele Barone (born Brikšķe, 1793-1884) in Strutele (German: Strutteln) in Courland . When he was seven years old, his father died. Krišjānis grew up with his older sister Kristīne, whose husband was also estate manager, first in Dundaga (German: Dondangen, Gut Dundagas Vecmuiža ), then in neighboring Valpene (Gut Valpenes mazā muiža ). In the elementary school in Kubele near Dundaga, the poet Ernests Dinsbergs (1816–1902) was his teacher, who later, when barons began to collect Latvian folk songs, became an important contributor and informant.

After attending secondary school in Windau / Ventspils (1848-1851) and grammar school in Mitau / Jelgava (1852-1855), Barons studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Dorpat from 1856 to 1860 , where he met Krišjānis Valdemārs and became familiar with the movement Jungletten (Lat. Jaunlatvieši ) joined. Barons' observations during his wanderings from Dorpat to his native Dundaga flowed into his first book publication, which appeared in 1859: Mūsu tēvzemes aprakstīšana un daži pielikumi īsumā saņemti (description of our fatherland and a few supplements [,] in brief), by Barons himself as grāmie. Skatiņaolā un mājām (little book for school and home).

Before taking the exam, Barons had to drop out of college for financial reasons. After two years in his native Dundaga, Barons went to St. Petersburg in 1862 to work there on the recommendation of Juris Alunāns as editor of the Latvian weekly newspaper Pēterburgas Avīzes - until it was banned by the Russian censorship in 1865. Also in 1865 he married Dārta Rudzīte (1838–1914), and in the same year their son Kārlis (1865–1944) was born.

From 1867 to 1880 Barons worked as a private tutor for the Stankewitsch family , who spent the summers on their estates in Voronezh Governorate and the winters in Moscow. From 1880 until his move to Riga in 1893, Barons worked as a German teacher at a Moscow high school.

The original Daina cabinet in the National Library of Latvia

Barons began to collect and systematize Latvian folk songs as early as 1878. He archived the pieces of paper, on each of which he noted a Daina, in a cupboard designed by himself for this purpose and made by a German carpenter in Moscow. This “ Daina cupboard ” ( Dainu skapis ) is still regarded by the Latvians as a kind of national shrine ; In 2001 UNESCO added it to the World Document Heritage List . In 1894 the first volume of Barons' magnum opus was published in Jelgava : Latvju dainas (spelling at the time: Latwju dainas ). The term tautas dziesmas (folk songs) used up until then appeared to be too simple for the book edition on the one hand and too bulky on the other; At the suggestion of Henrijs Visendorf's "financial manager", who was co-editor, Barons decided to use the Lithuanian term dainos - initially not undisputed . By 1915, six volumes (in eight sub-volumes) had appeared with a total of 217,996 Dainas, of which around 36,000 were “main songs” and around 182,000 variants. Barons' collection represents "a work of the century of Latvian folk song research of inestimable value due to its huge material and the exact information about the origin of the individual songs."

In the last years of his life, Barons mainly researched the poetics and language of the Dainas, prepared a "selection of Latvian Dainas" ( Latvju dainu izlase ) at the suggestion of the Ministry of Education of the Young Republic of Latvia and wrote, supported by his daughter-in-law Līna Barona (1872–1932) ), of his life memories ( Atmiņas ), which appeared a year after his death.

Afterlife and honors

Krišjānis Barons on the 100 lats note circulating from 1992 to 2013
  • The street in which Barons lived from 1919 until his death (with the family of his son, the dentist Kārlis Barons), has been called Krišjāņa Barona iela since 1923 (Krišjānis Barons Street; until 1917: Suworow Street).
  • In 1985, on the occasion of his 150th birthday, the Krišjānis Barons Museum was set up in the apartment in which he spent the last years of his life (Krišjāņa Barona iela 3, Apartment No. 5). It documents his life and his ethnographic and literary achievements.
  • On the side of the Wöhrmann Gardens ("Vērmanes dārzs") in the center of Riga, facing the Krišjāņa Barona iela, there is a memorial to barons.
  • Another well-known monument is located on the "Daina Mountain" (lat .: Dainu kalns) in Sigulda .
  • The 100 lats note from Latvijas Banka showed Krišjānis Barons as the only person to be depicted on a banknote after the restoration of Latvian independence in 1990/1991. In addition, he was depicted on a silver commemorative coin from the series “People”.
  • The asteroid (3233) Krišbarons discovered by Nikolai Stepanowitsch Tschernych in 1977 was named in honor of Krišjānis Barons.

literature

  • Kārlis Arājs: Krišjānis barons . Zinātne, Rīga 1984
  • Kārlis Arājs: Krišjānis barons un "Latvju dainas" . Zinātne, Rīga 1985
  • Arturs Baumanis: Krišjanis Barons. Biography . Augsburg 1946
  • Boriss Infantjevs: The Relationship of Krišjānis Barons to the Scientific Societies in Moscow and Petersburg . In: Baiba Metuzāle-Kangere u. a. (Ed.): Symposium Balticum. Festschrift to honor professor Velta Rūķe-Draviņa . Buske, Hamburg 1990. ISBN 3-87118-940-5 . Pp. 155-159
  • Ojars Kratins: An unsung hero. Krišjānis Barons and his lifework in Latvian folk songs . University of California Press, Berkeley 1961
  • Zenta Mauriņa : Baltais labietis - Krišjānis barons . In: Saules meklētāji. Apceres par latviešu rakstniekiem (The Sun Seekers . Essays on Latvian Writers, 1938), pp. 7–29
  • Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States. Their origin and development (= treatises of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften , Vol. 80). Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, ISBN 3-531-05097-4 . On Krišjānis Barons pp. 164–166
  • Saulcerīte Viece: Krišjānis Barons. The man and his work . Raduga, Moscow 1985
  • Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (ed.): Linguistics and poetics of Latvian folk songs. Essays in honor of the sesquicentennial of the birth of Kr. Barons . McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston 1989. ISBN 0-7735-0661-6
  • Dr. phil. P. Sàlits (d. I. Pēteris Zālīte): Krišjānis Barons (obituary). In: Acta Universitatis Latviensis, Vol. 5 (1923) , pp. 227-231 (French)

Movie

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Sigurds Rusmanis, Ivars Vīks: Kurzeme . Izdevniecība Latvijas Enciklopēdija, Riga 1993, ISBN 5-89960-030-6 , p. 201 (Latvian).
  2. ↑ Krišjāņa Barona piemiņas vietas (Places of Remembrance of Krišjāni's Barons), accessed on October 11, 2017 (Latvian).
  3. ↑ Scan of the book edition in the digital library of the LNB
  4. ↑ This refers to the two Baltic Governments , which were then still under Russian rule, Estonia , Livonia and Courland.
  5. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States. Their origin and development (= treatises of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften , Vol. 80). Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990. ISBN 3-531-05097-4 . P. 164.
  6. ^ Scans of the newspaper in the digital library of the LNB
  7. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, p. 127f.
  8. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, p. 164.
  9. ↑ Data on the life of Krišjānis Barons ( memento of the original from July 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from the website of the Krišjānis Barons Museum in Riga, accessed April 22, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.baronamuzejs.lv
  10. ↑ Krišjāņa Barona Dainu skapis ( Memento of the original from May 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Krišjānis Barons' Daina cabinet), accessed April 22, 2014 (Latvian). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lfk.lv
  11. ↑ Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca divos sējumos, vol. 1, p. 196 f. - Riga: Avots, 1992
  12. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, p. 165.
  13. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, p. 166.
  14. ↑ Georg Juris Thars: The Latvian Folk Songs and the "Folk Way Park" (Dainu Parks) in honor of Krisjanis Barons . Artilett, Stockholm 1988.
  15. ↑ George S. Čuhaj (ed.): 2012 standard catalog of world coins. 2001 to date . Krause Publications, Iola (Wisconsin) 2011. ISBN 978-1-4402-1575-9 . P. 435.
  16. ^ Lutz D. Schmadel : Dictionary of minor planet names . Springer, Berlin, 5th, revised and expanded edition. 2003. ISBN 3-540-00238-3 . P. 270.

Web links

Commons : Krišjānis Barons  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Barons, Krišjānis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Latvian folklorist, writer and editor
DATE OF BIRTH October 31, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Strutele , Latvia
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1923
Place of death Riga