Warmongering

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As warmongering refers to those actions that are deliberately aimed at a war to bring about. In politics the term is often used to emphasize one's own defensive stance.

history

There is evidence that the term “warmongering” has appeared since the beginning of the 20th century. In the course of history , the accusation of "warmongering" has often been raised in the course of conflicts. Some historical examples of this are:

  • The press can exacerbate conflicts and trigger war. For example, shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, it came under fire for portraying the war as the only sensible way out of the crisis by the way it was reported. At the end of the 20th century, there was increasing research into the ways in which the press was guilty of warmongering in the run-up to the First World War.
  • The Thyssen Group was accused of warmongering by the German Communist Party in the early 1970s .
  • The role of religions and denominations is critically examined in the context of "warmongering".
  • An author of Nation magazine saw NATO's “war for peace” proclamation in Yugoslavia as warmongering.
  • Saddam Hussein has been labeled a warmonger after gaining power in Iraq .
  • The UNESCO designated as nationalist media reports in advance of the Bosnian war as warmongering. Nowadays, UNESCO makes recommendations to prevent warmongering through media reports.

Current examples

Even nowadays the accusation of "warmongering" is raised again and again. Some recent examples circulating in the press are:

  • A left-wing politician considers efforts in Germany to win young people for the Bundeswehr to be warmongering.
  • Thousands of Germans demonstrated against the deployment of the Bundeswehr in Afghanistan and accused the participants of the Munich Security Conference of warmongering.
  • IRA members are known as warmongers.
  • Hamas members are known as warmongers.
  • The US policy that led to the Iraq war is known as warmongering. The media (TV) was implicated as it cast the defense of the US plans.
  • The Canadian government secretly invested pension funds in companies that manufacture illegal weapons. Investments were also made in companies that made a lot of money from the reconstruction of Iraq . The author of the article describes this behavior as warmongering.
  • Talk shows in Pakistan deal with scenarios in the event of a US attack; a news channel even played a war anthem . The New York Times describes this hype as warmongering.
  • The 2014 crisis in Ukraine was largely shaped by allegations of war-mongering against Russia, the EU or the USA.
  • An Afghan politician sees US President Obama as a warmonger who is continuing US military policy just like President Bush , because his sponsors want it.
  • The US has presented incriminating material against Iran , which is said to have planned an assassination attempt on the Saudi ambassador in Washington , which the Iranian ambassador to the UN denied and accused the US of warmongering.
  • Arms production and warmongering are closely linked.

Missing criteria

Since there is no official definition for the term, neither from the UN nor in political science , allegations of "warmongering" are on the one hand easy to say, on the other hand difficult to assess. The term is also not legally defined. Even in general reference works, current as well as historical, you will not find anything.

Other languages

There is also a word for “warmongering” and “warmonger” in other European languages. In English, the term “warmonger” is defined as a person who makes war . So the term is by no means a purely German phenomenon. A definition of the term “warmonger”, which is based on “ The Devil's Dictionary ” by Ambrose Bierce from 1911, is roughly translated from English: A person who wants evil against the enemies of their country.

poetry

In a UN competition called Poems for Peace, one of the participants wrote a few lines about warmongers:

" If I killed the warmongers who sounded the drums for the dance of death who drank victory's intoxication from innocent skulls [...] I would only foment a greater war "

- In: Song from the battlefield , 2011

Translated:

" If I were to kill the warmongers who beat the drums for the dance of death, who drank the rush of victory from innocent skulls, [...] I would only cause a bigger war "

- In: Song from the battlefield , 2011

The author of the poem, Nana Asaase, criticizes warmongers in a few lines as persons who cause death and enjoy victory at the expense of innocent people. At the same time, it refrains from violent confrontation with warmongers in order not to make itself guilty of warmongering.

See also

supporting documents

  1. ^ A b Bernhard Rosenberger: Newspapers as warmongers? : The role of the press in the run-up to the First World War . Media in Past and Present , Vol. 11, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne (inter alia) 1998, ISBN 3-412-10897-9 .
  2. ^ Waite, Maurice (Ed.): Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus . 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford (inter alia) 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-923088-4 , p. 1168.
  3. ↑ Focus.de: North Korea subjects South Korea to warmongering , December 5, 2010, accessed on December 16, 2011.
  4. ↑ M. Hasan: Obama is a warmonger, no different from Bush . In: New Statesman , Vol. 139, 2010, ISSN  1758-924X , pp. 28-29.
  5. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt: Doubts about the trace to Tehran , Department: Politics, October 14, 2011, No. 240, p. 4.
  6. ^ Pollitt: Weapons of Mass Delusion? . In: Nation , Vol. 276, No. 19, 2003, ISSN  0027-8378 , p. 9.
  7. ↑ Georg Ad. Wenzel: Warmongering - or blessings of peace? : An important question of life f. all peoples: a faithful word in an open letter to d. Mr. Reg. Presid. d. United States of America Mr. Hardinge, Washington , Suhl 1921.
  8. ↑ Archive portal Europe: Homepage . Accessed December 18, 2011.
  9. ↑ Cees J. Hamelink : Media between warmongers and peacemakers . In: Media, War & Conflict , Vol. 1, 2008, ISSN  1750-6360 , pp. 77-83.
  10. ↑ Morrie Ryskind: Am I a warmonger? . In: Human Events , Vol. 24, No. 13, 1964, ISSN  0018-7194 , p. 6.
  11. ^ German Communist Party (Ruhr-Westphalia district): The Thyssen Group: Analyze e. Steel giants; dedicated d. countless u. nameless victims d. capitalist. Exploitation u. Warmongering , Essen 1971.
  12. ↑ Andreas Hasenclever: Warmongers and Angel of Peace - the role of religions and denominations in armed conflicts . In: Friedensgutachten 2003 , Lit Verlag, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6760-9 , pp. 71–79.
  13. ^ A. Cockburn: Beat the Devil . In: Nation , Vol. 258, No. 20, 1994, ISSN  0027-8378 , pp. 692-693.
  14. ↑ Nirumand Bahman: The Warmonger of Baghdad: Saddam Hussein's Purposeful Path to Power - A Biography of Violence . In: Nirumand Bahman (ed.): Sturm im Golf , Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Hamburg 1990, Rororo aktuell 12926 , ISBN 3-499-12926-4 , pp. 17-26.
  15. ^ UN: Strengthening the fight against racism: UNESCO'S achievements since the 2001 world conference against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance . Durban Review Conference Geneva, April 20-24, 2009, URL http://www.un.org/durbanreview2009/pdf/Contribution_by_UNESCO_Advance_unedited_version.pdf , accessed December 18, 2011, pp. 44-46.
  16. ^ Rhein-Zeitung: There can be no more advertising for dying . Local section, Mittelrhein-Verlag, Koblenz November 15, 2011, p. 16.
  17. ^ Süddeutsche.de: Thousands demonstrate against "warmongering" , February 5, 2011, accessed on December 16, 2011.
  18. ^ The Economist: Warmongers, stood easy . Vol. 372, No. 8389, 2004, ISSN  1476-8860 , p. 48.
  19. ^ A. Knudsen: Crescent and Sword: The Hamas enigma . In: Third World Quaterly , Vol. 26, No. 8, 2005, ISSN  1360-2241 , pp. 1373-1388.
  20. ^ A. McCarthy: The Limits of the Cold War Analogy . In: Cinema Journal , Vol. 43, No. 4, 2004, ISSN  1527-2087 , pp. 121-125.
  21. ^ R. Sanders: Canada and the big business of war . In: Canadian Dimension , Vol. 38, No. 3, 2004, pp. 20-47.
  22. ^ New York Times: Ismail Khan contributed reporting from Peshawar P.: In Pakistani Media, the US Is a Target for Acrimony . September 28, 2010, p. 10.
  23. ↑ M. Hasan: Obama is a warmonger, no different from Bush . In: New Statesman , Vol. 139, 2010, ISSN  1758-924X , pp. 28-29.
  24. ^ "Hamburger Abendblatt 2011"
  25. ↑ Peace Pledge Union: Welcome to Warmongering Wales-Penyberth to Parc Aberporth , Lewis Valentine Annual Memorial Lecture July 2010, Welsh, URL http://www.ppu.org.uk/peacematters/peacematters/2010/2010b3.html , accessed on December 18, 2011.
  26. ↑ Un.org: Homepage , accessed on December 18, 2011.
  27. ↑ Federal Agency for Political Education: Lexica . URL http://www.bpb.de/wissen/H75VXG.html , accessed on December 18, 2011.
  28. ↑ Javier Perez de Cuellar (ed.), Young Seek Choue: World Encyclopedia of Peace: Volume III , 2nd ed., Oceana, New York 1999, ISBN 0-379-21401-6 .
  29. ↑ Lester Kurtz (Ed.): Encyclopedia of violence, peace & conflict: Volume II: G-Po , 2nd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-0-12-369503-1 .
  30. ↑ Der Brockhaus: Politics: Ideas, Systems and Processes . Brockhaus, Mannheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-7653-3311-8 .
  31. ↑ Dieter Nohlen (Hrsg.), Rainer-Olaf Schultze (Hrsg.): Lexicon of Political Science: Theories, Methods, Terms . Vol. 2, NZ. Beck, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-406-47604-X .
  32. ↑ Seymour Martin Lipset (Ed.): The encyclopedia of democracy: Volume II , 1st ed., Routledge, London 1995, ISBN 0-415-14350-0 .
  33. ↑ JurisPedia.org: Homepage , accessed on December 18, 2011.
  34. ↑ Brockhaus Encyclopedia Online , accessed on December 18, 2011 (not freely available).
  35. ^ Meyers Lexikon  : 7th volume, 7th edition, Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1927.
  36. ↑ LEO.org: Homepage , accessed on December 18, 2011.
  37. ↑ Waite, Maurice (ed.): Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus , 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford (et al.) 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-923088-4 , p. 1168.
  38. ^ J. Derbyshire: From 'Activist' to 'Warmonger' . In: National Review , Vol. 55, No. 18, 2003, ISSN  0028-0038 , pp. 28-29.
  39. ↑ a b Nana Asaase: Song from the battlefield . Poetry for Peace contest, September 15 to October 14, 2011, accessed on December 18, 2011.