Kyasanur Forest Fever
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
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| A98.2 | Kyasanur Forest Disease |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
The Kyasanur Forest Disease ( Kyasanur Forest disease , English K yasanur F Orestes D isease , KFD) is an infectious disease caused by the arbovirus KFD- virus is triggered.
Pathogen
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The causative agents of the Kyasanur forest fever are viruses of the species Kyasanur forest disease virus ( Kyasanur forest fever virus , KFD virus , scientifically Kyasanur forest disease virus , KFDV). They belong to the genus Flavivirus (outdated: genus Arbovirus ) in the family Flaviviridae of the order Nidovirales , are enveloped and the genome consists of an unsegmented, linear RNA strand of positive polarity .
transmission
The virus is transmitted through the bite of nymphs from different species of ticks (e.g. Haemaphysalis spinigera ). Virus reservoirs are small rodents . The secondary hosts are birds and bats , which are primarily responsible for the spread of infected ticks. Monkeys and humans are random hosts and also serve as reservoirs. The pathogen is highly infectious for laboratory personnel, so appropriate safety measures should be observed.
Occurrence
South India ( Karnataka , Kerala , Tamil Nadu ), north-east Pakistan ( Rawalpindi ). Virus detection in serological tests also from the Indian states of Gujarat and West Bengal .
history
The virus was first discovered in 1955–1957 in a forest area on the southwest coast of India ( Mysore ). Initially, the disease appeared as a zoonosis that affected several monkeys ("Monkey disease"). Only later did people get sick. Initially, it was classified as a variant of Russian tick encephalitis. It was only recognized as a disease in its own right in 1990. Host animals do not get sick.
clinic
After an incubation period of three to seven days, fever, headache, pain in the limbs and muscles develop. A hemorrhagic form of the disease can be a complication (bleeding from the mouth, nose and gastrointestinal tract). The symptoms usually disappear after a week, but a second rise in fever with meningism is possible . The mortality rate (mortality) may be between 5 and 15%.
therapy
There is no specific therapy, vaccines are being worked on. Diagnosis is made using immunodiagnostics or virus detection.
prevention
In endemic areas , protection against ticks and mosquitoes is indicated ( repellants , closed, light-colored clothing, regular self-examination for ticks). Contact with infected people should be avoided. According to the IfSG §6, suspected illness, illness and death from virus- related hemorrhagic fever must be reported.
A vaccine was reported in 2005. The vaccine for KFD consists of formaldehyde (formalin) inactivated KFD virus . The vaccine has an efficacy of 62.4% for people given two doses; when administered three times this increases to 82.9%.
Others
A subtype of the KFD virus , the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV, also Al-Khurma virus for short), has been described from Saudi Arabia .
literature
- Kyasanur Forest Disease - Information from the Indian Council of Medical Research ( PDF )
Web links
- Spiez Laboratory: Factsheet Kyasanur Forest, Omsk HF (PDF, 67 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ Gudadappa Kasabi, Manoj Murhekar, Vijay Sandhya, Ramappa Raghunandan, Shivani Kiran, Gowdra Channabasappa, Sanjay Mehendale: Coverage and Effectiveness of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) Vaccine in Karnataka, South India, 2005-10 . In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases . 7, No. 1, 2013, p. E2025. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pntd.0002025 . PMID 23359421 . PMC 3554520 (free full text).
- ↑ NCBI: Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (no rank)
