Lac Guillaume-Delisle
| Lac Guillaume-Delisle Richmond Gulf, Lac Tasiujaq |
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| Waters | Hudson Bay | |
| Land mass | Labrador Peninsula (North America) | |
| Geographical location | 56 ° 15 ′ N , 76 ° 18 ′ W | |
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| width | 22 km | |
| depth | 61 km | |
| surface | 712 km² | |
| Tributaries | Rivière à l'Eau Claire , Rivière au Caribou , Rivière De Troyes , Rivière du Nord | |
 Satellite image |
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Richmond Gulf ( english Richmond Gulf , Innu -Language: Tasiujaq ( "like a lake looks")) is a 712 square kilometer triangular inland bay on the east coast of Hudson Bay just above the 56th northern latitude in the region Nunavik in the Canadian province of Quebec belonging administrative region Nord-du-Québec . The inland bay is often referred to as a gulf , estuary or lake , as it is connected to the open sea by a natural channel and therefore has a fjord-like character with light tides and brackish water. It is 61 km long and 22 km wide.
In 2008, regional councils asked the Commission de toponymie du Québec to officially change the name of the water to Lac Tasiujaq .
The vast perimeter of Lac Guillaume-Delisle - including Lac à l'Eau Claire and Lacs des Loups Marins - are part of the Parc national Tursujuq .
The Inuit settlement Umiujaq is located on the coast of Hudson Bay, 15 km west of the northern end of the bay.
geography
The topography of Lac Guillaume-Delisle is the result of two geological faults that run parallel to the coast. The resulting displacements led to the formation of cliffs that dominate the west bank of Lac Guillaume-Delisle. On the west bank there are high rock walls made of sedimentary rock , which rise steeply from the brackish water. This unusual coastal relief of asymmetrical hills is formed by the Hudsonian Cuestas , the highest stratification system in Québec. There is only a narrow interruption of this range of hills in the extreme southwest of Lac Guillaume-Delisle, the so-called " Le Goulet " ( French for "bottleneck" or "bottleneck"), which is a 5 km long cataclinic valley, which is about 300 m is wide and is framed by 200 m high rock walls. Large masses of water force themselves through this channel due to the tidal currents and lead to height differences in the water levels of up to 50 cm. The passage remains ice-free all year round.
The east bank of Lac Guillaume-Delisle rises flatter and consists mainly of the rock of the Canadian Shield , which is covered in many places by a layer of basalt . Several major rivers, including Rivière à l'Eau Claire , Rivière au Caribou , Rivière De Troyes and Rivière du Nord , flow into the bay. These rivers typically have strong rapids or waterfalls at their mouths.
Point Pamiallualuk is a narrow rocky spur that protrudes 2 km into Hudson Bay, just north of Le Goulet. Here the north-flowing tidal current of Hudson Bay meets a weaker countercurrent, which leads to turbulence that can be intensified by strong winds.
On the south coast of the bay are the remains of the abandoned trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company called Fort Richmond , which existed from 1750 to 1759 and 1921 to 1927.
history
In 1744 Thomas Mitchell, captain of a small ship for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) sailed into the bay and named it "Sir Atwell's Lake", most likely in honor of HBC Deputy Governor Sir Atwell Lake, whose surname "Lake" caused confusion . In the same year Mitchell also noted the place name "Winipeq", which was used by the Innu. The map by William Coats (1749) identified the lake under the Cree name "Artiwinipeck" and in English as "Sir Atwell's Lake".
In 1750 the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post on an island called Factory Island off the lake's south coast. Due to the low profitability, this was given up again in 1759. Later the bay was given other names: "Winipeke Bay", "Hazard Gulf", "Gulf of Richmond" and "Richmond Bay" until finally in 1905 the Geography Commission of Canada accepted the name "Richmond Gulf".
In 1962, the government of Québec decided to give places in northern Québec French names, so that the bay was then called "Lac Guillaume-Delisle" in honor of the French cartographer Guillaume Delisle (1675-1726).
Flora and fauna
The many rivers that flow into the bay create the brackish water that forms habitat for brook trout , coregoninae , beluga whales and seals . Many species of birds, including loons , eiders and peregrine falcons breed here in the summer months.
There are occasional black spruce and larch trees in the surrounding tundra .