Ladislaus I.

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Bust of Ladislaus I.
Ladislaus I., lithograph by Josef Kriehuber after a drawing by Moritz von Schwind . circa 1828

Ladislaus I ( Hungarian László ), called the saint (* 1048 in Poland ; † 29 July 1095 near Neutra ) from the Árpáden family, was Duke of the Duchy of Nitra (1074 to 1077) and King of Hungary (1077 to 1095). He was a son of Béla I and brother of Géza I.

Life

Ladislaus was the son of Béla I and his wife Ryksa , a princess from Poland. After the death of Béla I in 1063, the anti-king and cousin Gézas Salomon returned to Hungary with German troops. After short battles, Géza and his brothers assured him of the Hungarian royal dignity. After disputes during the coronation, the brothers, including Ladislaus, fled to Poland , from where they returned with troops. With this military power, they forced Solomon to cede them duchies while recognizing his kingship.

The Béla's sons only temporarily came to terms with this arrangement. In 1074 they succeeded in taking power in central Hungary. Géza I ascended the throne as the elder, but died in 1077. His successor was Ladislaus, who at the beginning of his reign, with the help of the Polish King Boleslaw II , was able to defend himself against Solomon's attempts to regain the throne.

The reign of Ladislaus represented a phase of peace and calm after the dynastic disputes in the house of the Arpades. In addition to the good relations with Poland, Ladislaus also tried to establish a connection with Kievan Rus by having one of his daughters from his marriage to Adelheid von Swabia married Vladimir Monomakh . In 1083 he achieved the canonization of King Stephen I , his son Emerich and Bishop Gerhard. In 1091 Ladislaus defeated the Cumans in a decisive battle . In 1091 he installed his nephew Álmos , a son of Gézas I, as king in Dalmatia and Croatia , where the royal family had died out at that time. This brought him into conflict with Pope Urban II , who viewed the area as a papal fiefdom. During these conflicts, Álmos older brother Koloman , Bishop of Oradea , fled to Poland, but returned at Ladislaus's request to succeed him in 1095 in accordance with the seniority principle .

In 1192 Ladislaus was from Pope Celestine III. Canonized, patronage is June 27th.

family

Ladislaus was initially married to a woman named Gisela. Then he married Adelheid, who is said to have been a daughter of Prince Rudolf von Rheinfelden, according to an opinion of Prince Berthold von Zähringen . With Adelheid he is said to have had three daughters, Piroska , Sophia and Berta.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ladislaus I of Hungary. In: Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints.
  2. ↑ Gyula Kristo : The Arpad dynasty. The history of Hungary from 895 to 1301. Corvina, Budapest 1993, ISBN 963-13-3857-6 . Árpáden. (PDF), at research.uni-leipzig.de
  3. ↑ St. Ladislaus I - 1077-1095. (PDF, p. 13.), numismatas.com
  4. ↑ Ignaz Lenk von Treuenfeld: Explanation of the family tree of all fifty-three kings of Hungary from the first king Stephen the Holy to the currently most glorious reigning kings Ferdinand V (etc.). Sollinger, 1840, p. 101. ( books.google.de )
predecessor Office successor
Géza I. King of Hungary
1077-1095 		Koloman
personal data
SURNAME Ladislaus I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ladislaus the Saint, I. Lászlo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian king (1077-1095) Ladislaus I called the saint
DATE OF BIRTH 1048
PLACE OF BIRTH Poland
DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1095
Place of death Neutra