Lacian language

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Lakish

Spoken in

Dagestan ( Russian Federation ), Azerbaijan , Georgia
speaker approx. 120,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Recognized minority /
regional language in 		Dagestani flag Dagestan
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

cau (other Caucasian languages)

ISO 639-3

lbe

Lakisch (No. 2) in the environment of the Northeast Caucasian language family

Lakisch (also Lakkisch ; own name лакку маз lakku maz ) is a language that is spoken by around 120,000 people.

The Lakish speakers, the Laken , live mainly in the Autonomous Republic of Dagestan ( Russian Federation ), there are also small groups in Azerbaijan and Georgia .

It belongs within the language family of the Dagestani languages to the Lacic-Dargin group (see also Dargin language ). Compared to other Dagestan languages, Lakish is only slightly split into dialects, and these are also understandable among each other.

font

The Arabic script was used until 1928 , then the Latin script was used . Lakisch has been written in Cyrillic since 1938 , whereby the numerous sounds of Lakisch are often represented by two letters ( digraphs ). The special character I ( called Palotschka in Russian ) is also used. The basis of the written language is the Kumuchic dialect, the main dialect of this language.

Modern lacic alphabet:

А а Аь аь Б б В в Г г Гъ гъ Гь гь Д д
Е е Ё ё Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Къ къ
Кк кк Кь кь КӀ кӀ Л л М м Н н О о Оь оь
П п Пп пп ПӀ пӀ Р р С с Сс сс Т т Тт тт
ТӀ тӀ У у Ф ф Х х Хх хх Хьхь хьхь Хъ хъ Хь хь
ХӀ хӀ Ц ц Цц цц ЦI цІ Ч ч Чч чч ЧӀ чӀ Ш ш
Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я

grammar

Along with other Northeast Caucasian languages, Lakisch has a particularly complicated grammar, including about 40 noun cases (cases), including the absolute and ergative , genitive , dative, etc. v. a. But well over half of the cases are locative . Examples: ҝъатта (qata) "the house"; ҝъатлух (qatlu-x) "behind the house"; ҝъатлухун (qatlu-x-un) "behind the house"; ҝъатлухунмай (qatlu-x-unmaj) "towards the back of the house"; ҝъатлухух (qatlu-x-ux) "past the house"; ҝъатлуха (ту) (qatlu-xa (tu)) "from behind the house"; ҝъатлуву (qatlu-wu) "in the house"; ҝъатлувун (qatlu-w-un) "into the house"; ҝъатлувунмай (qatlu-w-unmaj) "towards the inside of the house"; ҝъатлувух (qatlu-w-ux) "through the inside of the house"; ҝъатлува (ту) (qatlu-wa (tu)) "out of the house".

Text sample

Ингилиснал ва Фpaнциянал дянивсса ттуршшинал дяъви къуртал хъусса шиналва байбивхъусса, зувира шинай ялагу лахъи лавгсса ЯтIул тIутIул ва КIяла тIутIул цIанийсса ва цаймигу мукунма паччахIнал тажрал ялув буллай бивкIсса дяъвирду 1485 шинал къуртал хьуссар. ЯтIул тIутIи му Ланкастерхъал тухумрал, КIяла тIутIи Йоркхъал тухумрал лишанну диркIссар. [...]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the Dagestan Constitution, "Russian and the Languages ​​of the Peoples of Dagestan" are official languages. See also Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use : Respublika Dagestan. Land of Mountains: Mountain of Languages , 2004 (PDF; 307 kB), p. 5
  2. ^ Georgij A. Klimov: Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics. Hamburg 1994, p. 147.
  3. ^ Georgij A. Klimov: Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics. Hamburg 1994, p. 149.
  4. ^ Works by Shakespeare in the translation by S. Musaev

literature

  • Peter von Uslar : Lakskij jazyk . ( Ėtnografija Kavkaza . Vol. 3.). Tbilisi 1890.
  • Karl Bouda: Lakkish Studies . Heidelberg 1949.
  • LI Žirkov: Lakskij jazyk. Moscow 1955.
  • GB Murkelinskij: Grammatika lakskogo jazyka . Machačkala 1971.
  • Longing for the homeland (Lakische prose from the Caucasus) . Translation into German by Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger and Maäsat Tscharinqal, Aachen 2013 (Caucasus-Caucasus Library No. 1), ISBN 978-3-8440-1974-2 , pages 156–161: Epilogue on sheets, language and literature

Web links

Wikipedia in Lakish
Wiktionary: Lakisch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations