Teupitz State Institution
The state institute Teupitz is a pavilion- style, listed facility in Teupitz , a town in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg . Parts of the area have been used by the Asklepios clinics since 2005 .
location
The facility is located southwest of the city center and there south of Buchholzer Straße , which runs as Landstraße 74 in a south-westerly direction to federal motorway 13 . It is located on a hill, the Gesenberg - formerly also known as Jesenberg . In the Middle Ages, wine was grown there for the rulers of Teupitz Castle . The area was also the site of the last public execution, which took place on January 31, 1769.
In the course of the establishment of the facility, the official names were State Insane Asylum Teupitz , Provincial Sanatorium Teupitz , District Specialist Hospital Teupitz and State Clinic Teupitz .
The entry in the state monument list reads: "State insane asylum-main institute, consisting of an administration building with the director's residence and two doctors 'apartments, machine building with workshops and water tower, kitchen building with ballroom, laundry building, mortuary with institutional and community cemetery, two civil servants' houses, eight hospitals for men, eight hospitals for women, bowling alley and all associated open spaces, the historical path system and remnants of the original open space design ”.
history
At the beginning of the 20th century the provincial committee planned the establishment of a state insane asylum and carried out a tender . On June 3, 1904, Teupitz was awarded the contract due to its natural location, the train stations in Halbe and Groß Köris and the good connection through the district chaussee (Landstrasse 74). In addition, there was the comparatively cheap land price . From 1904 construction workers began to erect numerous pavilion-style buildings with their own infrastructure based on designs by the architect Theodor Goecke .
In 1908, the state lunatic asylum was opened under the direction of Carl Berthold Knörr . The costs amounted to around 6.75 million marks and included a facility that was extremely modern for the time, such as its own power generation - the city was only connected to the electrical grid in 1922. The building material for the building was supplied by a factory built specifically for this purpose on the corner of Bahnhofstrasse and Bergstrasse: It processed limestone from Rüdersdorf near Berlin with gravel and sand that was extracted locally into sand-lime bricks . However, with the completion of the work, she had to file for bankruptcy.
Up to 1050 people could be treated in the main institution with a military hospital . There was also a retirement home that offered space for another 150 people. The supply took place via its own agricultural yard with free areas, which were developed with gardens and paths. There was central heating , water supply and sewage disposal as well as a machine house with workshops. On the northern side of the Kreischaussee, a street was built on Waldstrasse with initially 52 apartments, in which clinic employees moved. In 1908 the administration acquired an adjacent property in order to build a cemetery chapel there in 1917 .
During the First World War , the clinic was used as a hospital for wounded soldiers. It then ran into economic difficulties during the period of hyperinflation , which led to its temporary closure in 1923. It reopened in 1924 and treated around 1,500 patients by 1931. During the National Socialist era, people with mental and physical disabilities were transported to the clinic in the wake of the national socialist murders in 1884, who were then murdered in the Action T 4 killing centers . During this time, the Teupitz facility functioned successively as an intermediate facility for the two Nazi killing facilities in Brandenburg (Havel) and Bernburg . Likewise, on August 12 and 13, 1941, 465 patients from the Tapiau Provincial Sanatorium and Nursing Home were transported to Teupitz. Of the patients who were transferred to Teupitz, 109 remained in the institution, 93 of them died by the end of the war, and only 8 survived the immediate post-war period. The remaining East Prussian patients were transferred between February 3 and July 27, 1942 to Altscherbitz , Pfafferode / Mühlhausen , Weilmünster , Eichberg and from there some to the Hadamar killing center .
During the Second World War , the Wehrmacht set up a special hospital. During the fighting in the Halbe pocket , an air raid resulted in numerous dead and injured as well as damage to the buildings. Finally, the Red Army occupied the clinic and the rest of the city on April 27, 1945. The institution director Felix Großmann and the senior physician Kurt Hellwig were arrested; So far nothing is known about their further fate. From May, the Red Army set up a hospital on most of the area, which was managed by the group of the Soviet armed forces in Germany in Wünsdorf . They divided the clinic into areas for ordinary soldiers, regular officers, alcoholics and people with a mental disorder . Several wards were created, for example a surgery or an ENT as well as public facilities, including a club, a library, a shopping hall and a laundry room. In the heyday of the clinic, up to 500 employees worked on the site, most of whom came from the Soviet Union . Some of them established contacts with the fishing club and the hunting club. The commanders include Wassili Dschobawa (around 1965) and Gregori Belan (around 1975).
The smaller part of the site was used from 1949/1950 to build a mental hospital according to the specifications of the Ministry of Health of the GDR . Since the Soviet troops claimed the administration building, craftsmen built their own kitchen and laundry in 1950. A year later, the administration was able to take over an empty building from the Soviet hospital and set up places for a further 100 patients. Under the management of the administrative director Hans Sußmann , craftsmen converted the inn into a culture house in 1953 and set up their own company kindergarten a year later. A neurological department opened in 1965 and an X-ray department in 1978 . From 1976 the management of the house concentrated on the treatment of alcoholics - in 1985, for example, the ward for women with addictions was expanded. A year later, the number of beds in the neuropsychiatry department was reduced from 580 to 540 in order to improve the quality of treatment . Sussmann, now retired, researched the implications of the clinic in the course of the T4 crimes and published the first results in 1974, which were supplemented in 1987 by research by the medical director Dieter Häussler .
After the fall of the Wall , the clinic operated as the Teupitz State Clinic . The chief physician Jürgen Faiss carried out a restructuring, which in 1992 provided for a reduction in the area for people with disabilities and in the department for social-psychiatric rehabilitation . In 1997 a new building was added to the clinic for psychiatry and psychotherapy ; a year later a day clinic. On May 10, 2000, a black obelisk was inaugurated in the clinic's park , commemorating the 1884 victims of the euthanasia crimes. In 2005, the clinic was the certification according KTQ gain. In the same year, the clinic was privatized and incorporated into the Asklepios Kliniken group . However, a 16 hectare part of the area is for sale and is noticeably deteriorating.
literature
- Otto von Manteuffel: New buildings for the Teupitz insane asylum 1905-1908 , Berlin 1908
- Hans Sussmann, Teupitz Hospital . In: Home calendar for the district of Zossen 1972 , pp. 42–47
- Landesklinik Teupitz (Ed.): Landesklinik Teupitz. History, architecture, perspectives , Berlin, bebra-Verlag 2003. ISBN 3-89809-037-X
- BiKuT (ed.): Teupitz am See - a treasure in the Mark Brandenburg. Historical city guide , Weißensee-Verlag, 1st edition 2006, ISBN 978-3-89998-090-5 , p. 230
- BiKuT (Ed.): Teupitzer Miniatures - Thirty Stories from the 700-year-old Schenkenstadt , Weißensee-Verlag, 1st edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-89998-160-5 , p. 188
- Dietmar Schulze: The state institution Teupitz as an intermediate institution of the "euthanasia" institution Bernburg 1940-1941. In: Kristina Hübener (ed.): Brandenburg sanatoriums and nursing homes in the Nazi era. Berlin, bebra-Verlag 2002 pp. 195–206. ISBN 3-89809-301-8 .
- Peter Josef Belli: Municipalities and Nazi “euthanasia” - interim balance in the Teupitz case, 2013, Matthias Herrndorff publishing house, ISBN 978-3-940386-30-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Josef Belli: Municipalities and Nazi "euthanasia". Interim balance in the Teupitz case. Verlag Matthias Herrndorff, 2013, ISBN 978-3-940386-30-4 .
- ^ Sascha Topp, Petra Fuchs, Gerrit Hohendorf, Paul Richter, Maike Rotzoll: The Province of East Prussia and the National Socialist "Euthanasia": SS - "Aktion Lange" and "Aktion T4" (= Medical History Journal 43 ). 2008, p. 39 ff .
- ↑ Claus-Dieter Steyer: An insane offer. In: Tagesspiegel from August 28, 2014 ( online , accessed March 1, 2017)
Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 46.9 ″ N , 13 ° 37 ′ 19.9 ″ E