Langurs
| Langurs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nilgiri langur ( Semnopithecus johnii ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Presbytina | ||||||||||||
| Gray , 1825 |
The langurs are a group of primates from Asia. They belong to the tribe of the slender monkeys within the family of the vervet monkey relatives (Cercopithecidae). The name comes from Hindi .
Langurs live in South and Southeast Asia . They are slender, sometimes very brightly colored animals that are diurnal and mostly live on trees. They live together in groups consisting of one or more males and numerous females. Langurs are pure herbivores, their main food is leaves, but to a lesser extent they also eat fruits and flowers. A special stomach, which, similar to that of ruminants, consists of several chambers, helps them to break down food that is difficult to digest.
The langurs are divided into three genera. There is disagreement about the number of species; modern classifications divide them into over 45 species.
The genera
The genera differ mainly in the structure of the skull and the teeth, and they sometimes inhabit different regions:
- The Indian langurs ( Semnopithecus ) live on the Indian subcontinent.
- Subgenus Semnopithecus
- Kashmir Hanuman Langur ( S. ajax )
- Bengali Hanuman Langur ( S. entellus )
- Tarai Hanuman Langur ( S. hector )
- Black-footed Hanuman Langur ( S. hypoleucos )
- Southern Hanuman Langur ( S. priam )
- Nepalese hanuman langur ( S. schistaceus )
- Subgenus Kasi
- Nilgiri langur ( S. johnii )
- Whiskered langur ( S. vetulus )
- Subgenus Semnopithecus
- The crested langurs or lutungs ( Trachypithecus ) are named after their hood. They are common throughout Southeast Asia (from Northeast India to Bali).
-
cristatus group
- Silver crested langur ( T. cristatus )
- Black crested langur ( T. auratus )
- Indochinese langur ( T. germaini )
- Annam langur ( T. margarita )
- Western crested langur ( T. mauritius )
- Selangor langur ( T. selangorensis )
-
obscurus group
- Southern spectacled langur ( T. obscurus )
- Tenasserim langur ( T. barbei )
- Indochina spectacled langur ( T. crepusculus )
- Phayre's langur ( T. phayrei )
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pileatus group
- Cap langur ( T. pileatus )
- Golden langur ( T. geei )
- Shortridge langur ( T. shortridgei )
-
francoisi group
- Tonkin black langur ( T. francoisi )
- Delacour black langur or panda langur ( T. delacouri )
- Indochinese black langur ( T. Ebenus )
- Hatinh langur ( T. hatinhensis )
- Southern black langur ( T. laotum )
- White-headed langur ( T. leucocephalus )
- Cat Ba Langur ( T. poliocephalus )
-
cristatus group
- The cap langurs or Surilis ( Presbytis ) live in the south of the Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo and Java.
Chestnut langur ( Presbytis rubicunda )- Black and white comb langur ( P. bicolor )
- Kalimantan langur ( P. canicrus )
- Sarawak langur ( P. chrysomelas )
- Java langur ( P. comata )
- Raffles lavender ( P. femoralis )
- White- fronted langur ( P. frontata )
- Pant langur ( P. hosei )
- Sumatran langur ( P. melalophos )
- Natuna langur ( P. natunae )
- Ostsumatra-Banded Surili ( P. percura )
- Mentawai langur ( P. potentiani )
- Robinson's long-tailed langur ( P. robinsoni )
- Chestnut Langur ( P. rubicunda )
- Sabah langur ( P. sabana )
- White-legged langur ( P. siamensis )
- Black comb langur ( P. sumatrana )
- Thomas Langur ( P. thomasi )
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literature
- D. Zinner, GH Fickenscher & C. Roos: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys). Pages 714-753 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World - Volume 3: Primates. Lynx Edition, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
- Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .