Hat edge bark mushrooms

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Hat edge bark mushrooms
Laurilia sulcata the type species of the genus

Laurilia sulcata the type species of the genus

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Spiny fungus relatives (Echinodontiaceae)
Genre : Hat edge bark mushrooms
Scientific name
Laurilia
Pouzar 1959

The hat edge bark mushrooms ( Laurilia ) are a genus of mushrooms within the family of the spiny layer mushroom relatives (Echinodontiaceae). The persistent, stereoid fruiting bodies have an upwardly curved edge and a brown colored trama . Microscopically, they are characterized by their trimitic hyphae, their thick-walled cystids encrusted by crystals and the almost spherical, amyloid and spiky ornamented basidiospores . The type species is Laurilia sulcata (Burt) Pouzar , the furrowed hat edge bark mushroom .

features

Macroscopic features

The wood-dwelling, stereoid mushrooms form resupinate, persistent, leathery to corky-woody fruiting bodies, the edge of which sometimes forms a narrow, up to 5 mm wide hat edge, especially if the mushroom grows on a vertical substrate, on which it otherwise grows more or less firmly is. The edges of the hat are often deeply grooved concentrically with age. The bent back parts are tomentose and lively to dull brown or black in color. The upper side of young specimens consists of a finely hairy to felty, brown, tinder-like layer that becomes almost black and hard in old specimens. The actual trama consists of two layers, an upper layer of scale and the actual trama , which merges into the subiculum . In between there is a thin, black, resinous layer of cortex that can be seen as a dark line in the section. The thickening hymenium is pale yellow to pale pink-ocher in color and has a smooth to more or less bumpy or broad-black surface.

Microscopic features

The hyphae system is trimitic and consists of skeletal and connective hyphae and the nodular septate , hyaline, generative hyphae, which are more or less thin-walled. The buckle-free, thick-walled skeletal hyphae are almost hyaline to yellowish or brownish in color, while the connective hyphae are relatively thick-walled and can occasionally wear buckles. The hyphae texture is quite dense and consists of more or less clearly recognizable hyphae. In the hymenium one finds club-shaped, 25–35 µm long basidia , which have four curved sterigms and a basal buckle . In addition, one can find thick-walled cystids , which are encrusted with crystals at the conical tip . The 5.5–6.5 × 5–5.5 µm measuring basidiospores are more or less spherical, hyaline and fairly thin-walled. They are amyloid and ornamented with fine spines. The spore powder is whitish, the oxidase reaction can be positive or negative.

Ecology and diffusion

The oxidase-positive wood decomposer Laurilia sulcatum causes white (hole) rot on dead coniferous wood. The species is probably widespread in the entire, north- tempered climate zone . The fungus occurs in North America (USA including Alaska, Canada), in large parts of Europe and in Asia (Siberia, China, Japan). It prefers continental climates and so is largely absent in Western Europe. The oxidase-negative Laurilia taxodii grows on dead branches of trees that are still alive, mostly high on the tree. The fungus has been found in North America (USA) and Asia (Japan, Taiwan). It also produces white hole rot on its host. Laurilia taxodii grows in Japan on the sickle fir ( Cryptomeria japonica ) and the Japanese nut slice ( Torreya nucifera ), in the USA mostly on the bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum ).

Systematics

etymology

Z. Pouzar chose the generic name to commemorate the important Finnish mycologist Matti Laurila (1915–1942), who died early but made a significant contribution to the knowledge of resupinate mushrooms in Northern Europe.

Z. Pouzar created the genus in 1956 with the type and initially only species Laurilia sulcata . In 1968 he added another species to the genus, Laurilia taxodii . Within the Russuloid community of descent , the representatives of the genus Laurilia differ from the other resupinate species with smooth hymenium in that they have a trimitic hyphae system. Therefore they were placed in the family of the thorny mushroom relatives (Echinodontiaceae), with which they have several characteristics in common. HL Gross , who studied the genus in detail, even placed it in the genus Echinodontium , the type species Echinodontium tinctorium is a very characteristic, hydnoid console fungus from Northwest America. But even if you neglect the shape of the hymenophore, there are some differences. The trama of Laurilia is dimorphic and separated by a resinous layer of cortex, which can be seen as a dark line in the section, while the trama of Echinodontium is uniform in both the hat and the spines of the hymenium. Furthermore, in Laurilia the texture of the subicular drama as well as that of the subhymenium is trimitic, while in Echinodontium the trama is dimitic and that of the subhymenium is mostly monomitic. In addition, the skeletal hyphae of Echinodontium are brick-red and turn purple with KOH , while the skeletal hyphae of Laurila are brown in the scale layer and almost hyaline in the subiculum and subhymenium. According to J. Eriksson and L. Ryvarden, all these differences speak in favor of preserving both genera and thus represent a point of view that most mycologists have subscribed to.

The molecular biological investigations by E. and KH Larsson, Binder and Hibbett and S. Miller show that Laurilia and Echinodontium are closely related. Their exact position in the Russuloid family tree is still unclear, as different working groups have come to very different results. E. and KH Larsson found in 2003 that Laurilia and Echinodontium form a community of descent together with Bondarzewia and Heterobasidion and therefore grouped the four genera in the Bondarzewiaceae family . S. Miller and his co-authors found that although Laurilia , Echinodontium and Heterobasidion form a common branch, Bondarzewia is not closely related to them, while Binder and his co-authors calculated a family tree in which Echinodontium (together with Laurilia ) and Amylostereum are two sister taxa are, but neither Heterobasidion nor Bondarzewia are related to the two sister taxa.

swell

  • Laurilia. Pouzar, Česká Mykol. 13 (1): 14 (1959). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed October 21, 2014 .
  • Laurilia. Pouzar (1959). In: www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved October 21, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b A. Bernicchia & SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei . Corticiaceae s. l. tape 12 , 2010, p. 398-399 ( mycobank.org (genus) description of Laurilia sulcata ).
  2. ^ A b c d J. Eriksson & L. Ryvarden: The Corticiaceae of North Europe . tape 4 , 1976, p. 787 ( mycobank.org (genus) description of Laurilia sulcata ).
  3. ↑ a b H. Jahn: Stereoide mushrooms in Europe (Stereaceae Pil. Emend. Parm. Et al., Hymenochaete) . with special consideration of their occurrence in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape 8 , no. 4-7 , 1971, pp. 69–176 ( online [PDF]).
  4. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Laurilia. In: MycoKey. Retrieved October 21, 2014 .
  5. ↑ a b HL Gross: The Echinodontiaceae . In: Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata . tape 24 , no. 1 , 1964, pp. 8 ( mycobank.org ).
  6. ^ KK Nakasone: Cultural studies and identification of wood-inhabiting Corticiaceae and selected Hymenomycetes from North America . In: Mycologia Memoirs. tape 15 , 1990, pp. 97 ( mycobank.org ).
  7. ↑ Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 , January 11, 2003, p. 1037-1065 , PMID 21149013 ( mycologia.org ).
  8. ^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Elsevier (Ed.): Mycological research . tape 111 , no. 9 , 2007, p. 1040-1063 .
  9. ↑ Steven L. Miller, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Annemieke Verbeken, Jorinde Nuytinck: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 (6) . Mycological Society of America, 2006, pp. 960-970 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.960 ( mycologia.org [PDF]).
  10. ↑ Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ellen Larsson, Ewald Langer, Gitta Langer: The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes) . In: Systematics and Biodiversity . tape 3 , no. 2 , 2005, p. 113-157 ( copace.clarku.edu [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : Hat Edge Bark Mushrooms ( Laurilia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files