Hippolyte Carnot

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Hippolyte Carnot

Lazare Hippolyte Carnot (born October 6, 1801 in Saint-Omer ; died March 16, 1888 in Paris ) was a French politician and publicist. He was the second son of the French officer, mathematician and politician Lazare Carnot (1753-1823) and the father of the future French President, Sadi Carnot (1837-1894).

biography

After the defeat of Napoleon and the second restoration of the Bourbon monarchy from 1815 to 1823, he lived with his father in exile for several years in Germany, for a long time in Magdeburg, where he studied German language and literature. He was preparing for the legal profession but did not want to take the oath of homage to the king required to become a member of the bar. He joined the school of Henri de Saint-Simon (the Saint-Simonists ) and became an active contributor to one of its bodies, the magazine Le Producteur .

Carnot took an active part in the July Revolution of 1830 because he did not share the opinion on the independence of the social organization from the form of government of Enfantin , who became the sole head of the Saint-Simonists. When Enfantin wanted to create a special Saint-Simonist cult, Carnot finally separated from this school, along with Saint-Amand Bazard , Pierre Leroux , Jean Reynaud and others. During these years Carnot took part in the activities of the Society for the Dissemination of Primary Education founded by his father and worked for the Globe , the Organizer and the Revue Encyclopédique . In the elections in 1839 he was elected from Paris to the Chamber of Deputies . In Parliament he was on the extreme left, although he sometimes supported Thiers . In his work Les radicaux et la charte (1847) he openly confessed himself to be a republican. During the February Revolution of 1848 he spoke out in favor of the Republic . The Provisional Government of 1848 appointed Carnot Minister of Public Education and Culture . He only held this position until July 5th, where he achieved a lot in the relatively short time.

In a by-election to the parliamentary elections of 1849 , he became a member of the Legislative Assembly in 1850 . After the coup d'état of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) in December, Carnot took part in attempts to organize armed resistance and was one of the MPs (from 1846) who signed the final protest of the popular assembly. Even so, Carnot was not on the banishment lists. In 1852 Carnot was elected a member of the legislature, but was not admitted (with Cavaignac and Hénon ) because of refusal to take the oath of homage. For the same reason he refused to join the deputies after the new elections in 1857 . Carnot was elected for the third time in the 1863 elections and joined the Legislative Body. He was one of 35 members of the opposition.

After the elimination of the Second Empire ( Second Empire ) the provisional government Carnot appointed mayor (mayor) of the 8th district of Paris , and in the elections in 1871 he was appointed member of the National Assembly elected. He participated in the drafting of the constitutional laws of 1875 from Carnot was elected Sénateur inamovible . Despite his old age, Carnot took an active part in the work of the Senate and presided over the opening of the meetings as an elder - for the last time in 1888, a few days after the election of his son, Marie François Sadi Carnot , as President of the III. Republic . In 1887 he was elected to the Académie des sciences morales et politiques (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences). Shortly before his death, Carnot founded a society to study the history of the French Revolution . He published numerous articles in socialist journals and democratic reviews and a large number of monographs.

The 75 first sénateurs inamovibles ( L'Univers illustré , January 8, 1876)

He is buried on the Cimetière du Père-Lachaise .

Fonts (selection)

  • Doctrine Saint-Simonienne: Résumé général de l'exposition faite en 1829 and 1830. Extrait de la Revue Encyclopédique (November 1830). Paris, Bureau de l ' Organizer et du Globe , 1831. Digitized 45 p. Deuxième édition (with a bibliography relating to the question of the public application of Saint-Simon's teaching)
  • Grégoire (Abbé Henri) , Évêque constitutionnel de Blois (6 volumes, 1837–45), ed.
  • Exposé de la doctrine saint-simonieinne (1838)
  • Devoirs civiques des militaires (1838)
  • Les prisons et le système pénitentiaire (1840)
  • Mémoires de Barère de Vieuzac (4 volumes, 1842–44), ed.
  • L'esclavage colonial (1845)
  • Les radicaux et la charte (1847)
  • The ministère de l'instruction publique et des cultes depuis le 24 février jusqu'au 5 juil. 1848 (1849)
  • Mémoires sur Carnot , par son fils (1861–63), ed. Digitized I , II
  • La révolution française, résumé historique (1867)
  • Lazare Hoche (1874)

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ The physicist and engineer Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832), who died early, was his older brother.
  2. ↑ cf. Maurice Dreyfous: Les trois Carnot, Histoire de Cent ans (1789-1888).
  3. ↑ cf. Loi relative to the organization du Sénat

literature

  • Lefèvre-Pontalis : "Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Hippolyte Carnot." Séances et travaux de l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques (Institut de France), compte rendu , vol. 35 (135), Paris 1891, pp. 329-372.
  • Maurice Dreyfous: Les trois Carnot, Histoire de Cent ans (1789-1888). Dreyfous, Paris, 1894 digitized version
  • Paul Cunisset-Carnot , Hippolyte Carnot et le ministère de l'Instruction Publique de la II e République , Paris, PUF, (1918) digitized
  • Rémi Dalisson: Hippolyte Carnot, la Liberté, l'école, la République. Paris, CNRS, 2011
  • Rütger Schäfer (Ed.): Saint-Simonist texts: Treatises by Saint-Simon, Bazard, Blanqui, Buchez, Carnot, Comte, Enfantin, Leroux, Rodrigues, Thierry and others in contemporary translations . Scientia Verlag, Aalen, 1975. 2 volumes, DNB 550151559

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Carnot, Hippolyte
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French politician and publicist, Saint-Simonist
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Omer
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1888
Place of death Paris