Life in the field
Life in the field is the military term for all skills of a soldier that enable him to live and survive outside of fixed military facilities. Life in the field is part of the combat service of all troops in the Bundeswehr and is regulated in the former Central Service Regulation (ZDv) 3/11, renamed as Central Regulation A2-226 / 0-0-4710 . This basically orders the general combat service of all troops on land and the behavior of the soldier when acting on and near the battlefield. An essential part of life in the field is the bivouac , which is carried out as part of the general basic training . The central service regulation also regulates general behavior, such as B. when crossing a body of water or preparing food.
The ZDv 3/11 - combat service of all troops (on land) life in the field - is divided into
- Part A Basic knowledge and basic activities of the individual shooter
- Part B The individual shooter on the battlefield
- Part C The lone shooter in combat
- Part D The individual shooter in special situations
- Part E Safety Regulations
Group bivouac
The bivouac serves soldiers in the field as a living space in tent accommodations. In addition to nutrition , hygiene and rest take place here, if the situation allows it. Usually the entire company is grouped together.
To be distinguished from un -camouflaged bivouac rearwardly of the front edge of the defense (VRV) is the group hiding , Near the field positions during special operations or in survival and strike-through is applied behind enemy lines and is camouflaged.
construction
A hearth for the food preparation is in hiding between half tent sheets applied to the elucidation of their own positions by " camouflage and mislead to aggravate".
The field latrine is set up both in the bivouac and in the hiding place .
Hide and bivouac are by alarm posts and strips to secure.
Catering
In the bivouac or in non-permanent field camps, meals can be received by two soldiers in the group with all their eating utensils in the nest. The soldiers' harnesses are strung on a branch. Often, however, all soldiers are issued at a central supply point by the company sergeant. In the hiding place, the soldiers themselves prepare the previously given food by heating them on the Esbit stove.
In the life in the field training, the soldier learns, among other things, how to prepare food with a one-man pack (EPa) and the Esbit cooker as well as makeshift water treatment - see also mobile drinking water production .
Hygiene in the great outdoors
The soldier is exposed to the elements in the field. Even under these circumstances, personal hygiene is necessary to prevent disease. The ZDv 3/11 specifies
- daily washing of the whole body if necessary shaving - this should be done in the evening,
- daily oral and dental hygiene - if possible after every meal,
- daily change, cleaning and drying of the stockings and damp clothes.
- Any vermin discovered in clothing must be reported and combated immediately.
Care of the equipment
The soldier is responsible for the operational readiness of his equipment. He is obliged to check his equipment at any free time and to repair it if necessary.
weapons
In order to maintain the functionality of the weapons (as far as the situation permits), they must be protected from dirt such as sand, dust or leaves with covers, containers and / or bags. After each firefight, weapons are cleaned either independently or on command. Sliding parts of the weapon are easy to oil. The weapon is only de-oiled from a temperature of −10 ° C.
Ammunition that you have carried must be checked daily for rust, soiling, strong oxidation and dents. This can no longer be used; contaminated ammunition must be cleaned.
clothing
The care of clothing is essential for soldiers in action and should keep them functional. The soldier must conscientiously clean and maintain his clothing and equipment. Basically, the ZDv 3/11 prescribes:
- Knock out and brush out outer clothing when dry, treat it with clear water when it is very dirty
- Soak underwear and cook if possible
- Squeeze woolen items in cold or lukewarm water, rinse and squeeze out several times, do not wring
- Let boots dry, brush them off and treat them with shoe polish
- Sew on missing and loose buttons and sew up tears in clothing
The clothes are dried either in the fresh air by spreading them out on surfaces such as grass or bushes. If clothing is to be dried over a fire, it must be protected from flying sparks. Woolen items should not be exposed to direct heat. The boots, especially the soles, must not be exposed to excessive heat such as around a wood fire and should not be kept near or in a campfire, as the soles may come off.
Personal equipment
The outside of the sleeping bag is wiped off with a damp cloth and then turned inside and aired throughout the day. Canteen, crockery and cutlery must be rinsed with drinking water after each use. Where this is not possible, multi-purpose paper, which also serves as toilet paper, is also available from the EPa for this purpose. In order to keep them water-repellent, the boots must be cleaned with shoe polish every day.
alarm
Alarm items , strips and possibly patrols secure its own force and solve each resting on the command and position or by open fire the alarm.
The draft nest
The Zugnest is the group hiding place for the 2/2 strength squad and supporting parts such as the medical squad, sniper squad , dog handler squad with up to two dogs, radio squad with a long range radio - usually 1/1 or 0/2 soldiers each in strength. The wounded’s nest is created in the immediate vicinity.
Disguise and deceive
In military parlance, camouflage and deception are all measures that serve to protect an individual soldier or a military unit from enemy observation or military reconnaissance or to mislead the enemy into making false assumptions and measures. The model for the camouflage are the camouflage costumes of animals.
Orientation in the field
Aids for orientation in the terrain are the topographical map of the area of operation ( map reading ), the Breithaupt marching compass also for cross bearing , the terrain sketch as an orientation sketch as well as orientation with aids for determining direction as astronomical navigation according to the position of the sun or moon and the time or with the help of the analog clock at the bisector Procedure.
Troop reconnaissance peek - see - hear
In order to enlighten the enemy in good time for their own reactions and to gain and consolidate information about the enemy, every troop and every soldier carries out military reconnaissance at any time and anywhere by spying - seeing - hearing. Each troop uses alarm posts , patrols , air scouts and ABC alarm posts anytime and anywhere . Every soldier reports his own perceptions immediately and without delay to his superior at any time without making any assumptions. Driving noises and visual perceptions provide information about the enemy's intentions and enable your own command to initiate your own defense measures at an early stage.
Troop reconnaissance by each soldier is done by sight, hearing and smell. In rain, wind and at night, visual perception is limited by sight, but clarification by hearing is expanded. Noises carry on at night due to a lower level of environmental noise.
The recognition of NBC warfare agents usually occurs by smelling and by optical detection of ejection means such as from an aircraft by spraying, Shooting of gas grenades of artillery and adhesion of oily warfare agent . The soldier immediately triggers an ABC alarm . The NBC defense of all troops in the Bundeswehr is regulated in ZDv 5/300 - NBC defense of all troops.
literature
- Central service regulation 3/11 Bundeswehr combat service for all troops (on land) life in the field
Individual evidence
- ↑ ZDv 3/11 of the Bundeswehr. Retrieved May 26, 2009 .