Leithaprodersdorf Group
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The Leithaprodersdorf (culture) group is an early Bronze Age culture that emerged from the bell beaker culture . This cultural group is subsequently replaced by the Wieselburg culture . The name Leithaprodersdorf Group goes back to Alois Ohrberger.
Distribution area and settlement types
The Jennyberg near Mödling in Lower Austria is probably the westernmost settlement area (and hilltop settlement) of the Leithaprodersdorf group . Finds of ceramics, which are to be regarded as typical for this cultural group, and traces of smelting clay testify to this, although definitive settlement objects could not be proven either. Flatland settlements are known from Gallbrunn and Pellendorf and can be assumed in Siegendorf and Trausdorf . The Königshöhle near Baden (Lower Austria) is to be regarded as a cave settlement, even if only for a short period .
Craft and cultural technology
Weapons and jewelry were made from pure copper . The typical weapon of the bearers of this cultural group is a copper dagger with a copper blade , which was attached by means of four rivets to a staple plate to which a handle made of bone , wood or antlers was attached. In women's graves, copper "diadems" or bonnets were found, as they are also known from other cultural groups of the same period (e.g. Unterwölblinger group ). The jewelry also included needles made of bone and copper as well as copper bracelets. Needles made from animal bones were used to hold clothing together or as an ornament.
Typical ceramic products (clay vessels) are above all the "Leithaprodersdorf cup" (with a spherical lower part, offset, conical neck, bulged edge and a ribbon handle that extends from lower part to edge) and the "Trausdorfer cup" (in contrast to the "Leithaprodersdorfer cup" “Clearly offset, narrower, higher neck and ribbon handle attached below the edge) as well as bowls with handles, spherical handle pots, conical bowls and mugs and amphorae without handles. Decorated clay pots have ribbons incised below the neck. “Decorative ribbons with punctured, contourless triangles”, which can be found on typical vessels of the Leithaprodersdorf Group as well as the Unterwölblinger Group, suggest that these cultural groups either had an economic relationship with one another or came from a common precursor culture.
Fishing and hunting are documented by finds of a pierced fish vertebra and boar tooth . Dogs , domestic pigs , domestic cattle and domestic horses can be accepted as pets .
As documented by the remains of settlements in Gallbrunn and Pellendorf, typical buildings are post-construction houses .
Funeral rites
"Bipolar", sex-differentiated burials in shallow graves as well as in barrows (e.g. Jois ), in a crouched position , men crouched on the left with their heads facing north, women crouched on the right with their heads facing south, are common. What they have in common is that both the male and the female deceased were buried facing east (facing the rising sun).
Animal bones and pottery shards suggest corresponding burial rituals. Clay cups, bowls and bowls were typical grave goods. Mother-of-pearl plates and glass beads are among the finds in women's graves.
There are also numerous mock graves that can be assigned to this cultural group.
Important sites in Lower Austria
- Leithaprodersdorf
- Gallbrunn
- Jennyberg
- Jois
- Pellendorf
literature
- Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer : Bronze Age in Eastern Austria (= Scientific publication series Lower Austria. 98/101). Verlag Niederösterreichisches Pressehaus, St. Pölten / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-85326-004-7 .
- Ernst Probst : The Leithaprodersdorf Group. A cultural stage of the Bronze Age from around 2300/2200 to 2000 BC. Chr. GRIN Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-656-08137-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. P. 20.
- ^ Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: Bronze Age in Eastern Austria. 1994, p. 49.
- ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 17.
- ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 19.
- ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 18.
- ^ Ernst Probst: The Leithaprodersdorf Group. 2011, p. 27.
- ↑ a b c Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 22.
- ↑ a b Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: Bronze Age in Eastern Austria. 1994, p. 56.
- ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 19 ff.
- ^ Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: Bronze Age in Eastern Austria. 1994, p. 51.
- ↑ a b Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 23.
- ↑ Kerstin Lutteropp: Investigations into female and male burials of the Early Bronze Age: Funeral communities with bipolar, gender- differentiated burial customs and their social structures in the Lower Austria area. Inaugural dissertation. Bonn 2009, p. 20. (PDF; 4.1 MB)