Leopold Loewenherz

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Leopold Loewenherz (born July 31, 1847 in Czarnikau ( Province of Posen ), † October 30, 1892 in Charlottenburg , now part of Berlin ) was a German physicist . He promoted the development of scientific precision instruments.

Life

Loewenherz was the son of a Jewish stonemason in Czarnikau. After attending the Maria-Magdalena-Gymnasium in Poznan , he studied mathematics and physics at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin , with Wilhelm Foerster , Johann Christian Poggendorff and Karl Weierstrass , among others . After completing his doctorate, he became an employee of the normal calibration commission in 1870 . Here he developed an extensive activity with the aim of putting the construction of precision instruments on a scientific basis. He initially dealt with the improvement of processes for the production of alcoholometers and thermometers . In addition, he dealt with the development of standardization regulations. So he developed the basics for the calibration of barrels and gas meters . He established the official inspection of safety devices to prevent boiler explosions .

In 1877 he participated in the founding of the Association of Berlin Mechanics and Opticians, from which the German Society for Mechanics and Optics emerged in 1881, and Loewenherz took over as chairman. As early as 1879, on his initiative, the Institute for Precision Mechanics was established at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . In 1880 he organized courses in physics and drawing for mechanics, which were taken over by the Berlin craft school. In 1881 Loewenherz founded the Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde , which he published together with the chemist Hans Heinrich Landolt and the mechanic Rudolf Fuess . In 1883 he was a member of the commission whose report led to the establishment of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in 1887. Loewenherz took over the management of the technical department. In 1890, with the German Association of Gas and Water Experts, he introduced the Hefner candle as a unit of measurement for light intensity , which was used in Austria, Germany and Scandinavia until 1942. A uniform screw thread for precision mechanics with a flank angle of 53 ° 8 ′, presented by Loewenherz in 1889, was recognized as a standard thread by the German Mechanics Association in 1893 and was used as a Loewenherz thread in the optical industry for forty years.

tomb

He is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee .

Publications (selection)

  • De curvis tantialibus curvarum algebraicarum ordinis n . Dissertation 1870
  • About the variability of platinum weights. Critical examinations using weighings of the normal calibration committee . Schade, Berlin 1875
  • Report on the Scientific Instruments at the Berlin Trade Fair in 1879 . Springer, Berlin 1880
  • Law and regulation regarding the tax exemption of brandy for commercial purposes. With technical explanations and information boards for use by tax officials and traders . Springer, Berlin 1880
  • Application of the torsion of wires to determine small weights . Berlin 1881
  • The weight alcoholometer and its application. A handbook for tax officials and traders . Springer, Berlin 1889

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lionheart thread at www.gewinde-normen.de, accessed on August 26, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Loewenherz, Leopold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 31, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Czarnikau
DATE OF DEATH October 30, 1892
Place of death Charlottenburg