Less Martovych

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Les' Martovyč

Les' Martovyč ( Ukrainian Лесь Мартович ; born February 12, 1871 in Torhovicja , Galicia , today Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast ; † January 11, 1916 in Pohorisko near Schowkwa ) was a Ukrainian writer and editor of several magazines.

Life

Martovych was born in 1871 in the village of Torhovicja, located in the historic Ukrainian region of Pokutien , in whose dialect he later wrote his stories. His father, Semen Martovych, was a village clerk in Torhovicja and a respected citizen. After Les' Martovyč finished elementary school in 1882, he attended the Polish grammar school in Kolomyja . There he made the acquaintance of Wassyl Stefanyk , who both worked within a secret association with the works of Taras Shevchenko and the political writings Mychajlo Drahomanow . After both Martovych and Stefanyk had to transfer to the Ukrainian high school in Drohobych due to clashes with the prevailing opinion , they wrote their first joint story Lumera (Лумера). Even in his high school days, Martovytsch participated in the cultural community work in settlements in the Carpathian region.

In 1892 he began his law studies at the University of Chernivtsi and was a guest student at the University of Lviv . In addition, he was a member of the Soyuz student association (Союз) and campaigned for political education for the population both within and independently, with radical socialist approaches. He published articles on cultural policy in the newspapers Narod (Народ), Chliborob (Хлибороб), Hromadskij holos (Громадский голос) and Svoboda (Свобода) in which he understood the ideas of Karl Marx and called him "the man of our hour". He was thus close to the progressive group of the radical party of Ukraine . In his main creative phase from 1898 to 1905 his most highly regarded volumes of short stories were published. Less Martovych died at the age of 44 in the Pohoris'ko settlement. He did not live to see the publication of his masterpiece The Superstition (Забобон) in 1917.

plant

In addition to his journalistic activities, Martovych is the author of 27 stories. The humorous novels Martowytsch tell of the everyday life of farmers in the villages of Gaul. The author himself was familiar with this area due to his rural origins, and he also always sought contact with the Gallician workers and peasants as part of his political work. Martovytsch's works achieved little notoriety outside of Gaulish and Bukovina . The fact that his short stories are all written in the Pokut dialect favored this. However, together with Wassyl Stefanyk and Marko Cheremschyna, he is considered the "Pokutian trio" and still today as one of the most important realistic novelists in western Ukraine. Ivan Franko called Martovych an "extraordinary connoisseur of the Gallician way of life [...] who writes with pointed irony". The influence of Chekhov's tales , especially The Death of the Official, is the satirical language of Martovyč.

Peasant death

The story of the Farmer's Death ( Mužyc'ka Smert ) was the first to be published by Martowytsch under his own full name in 1898. Using the fate of Grycja Banata, Martowytsch tells of the awakening of new, socialist ideas in rural life. The peasant comes to class consciousness through the experience of capitalism and the proletarian ideology spreads in rural life. The contact between the peasant and the - capitalist - authorities is described with biting irony, despite the high realistic demands.

The superstition

The superstition ( Zabobon ) was Martovytsch's last and most highly regarded work, which he wrote after a 10-year career break. The focus of the story is the pastor's son Slavka , who represents the clerical semi-intelligentsia in the villages of Gaul. Martovytsch presents the drowsiness of a village which, precisely because of the presence of non-peasant, studied personalities, cannot break out of its sadness.

Publications

  • 1889: Nečytal'nyk (Нечитальник)
  • 1898: Mužyc'ka Smert (Мужицька Смерть)
  • 1903: Chytryj Pan'ko i inši opovydannja (Хитрий Панько i iншi оповидання)
  • 1905: Stribožyj darunok i inši opovydannja (Стрибожий дарунок i iншi оповидання)

literature

  • Anna-Halja Horbatsch : Discovering Ukrainian literature. Reichelsheim, 2001
  • Petro J. Kolesnyk: Istorija ukraїns'koї literatury, tom p'jatyj. Kyїv 1968
  • Vasyl 'M. Lesyn: Lesʹ Martovyč: literaturnyj portret. Kyїv 1953
  • Fedir Pohrebennyk: Lesʹ Martovyč: žyttja i tvorčist '. Kyiv 1971

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fedir Pohrebennyk: Lesʹ Martovyč: žyttja i tvorčist '. Kyïv 1971, p. 11ff
  2. ↑ Petro J. Kolesnyk: Istorija ukraїns'koї literatury, tom p'jatyj. Kyїv 1968, p. 261
  3. ↑ Petro J. Kolesnyk: Istorija ukraїns'koї literatury, tom p'jatyj. Kyїv 1968, p. 274
  4. ↑ Fedir Pohrebennyk: Lesʹ Martovyč: žyttja i tvorčist '. Kyïv 1971, p. 79ff
  5. ↑ Fedir Pohrebennyk: Lesʹ Martovyč: žyttja i tvorčist '. Kyïv 1971, p. 152
  6. ↑ Anna-Halja Horbatsch: Discover the Ukrainian literature. Reichelsheim, 2001, p. 39
personal data
SURNAME Martovych, Less
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Martovyč, Les'; Мартович, Лесь (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian writer and editor of several magazines
DATE OF BIRTH February 12, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Torhovicja , Ivano-Frankivsk district
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1916
Place of death Pohorisko at Schowkwa