Libocedrus bidwillii
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Libocedrus bidwillii |
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| Hook. f. |
Libocedrus bidwillii or Pahautea is an evergreen conifer from the genus of the common cedar ( Libocedrus ). The range of the kind is on the north and south island of New Zealand . There it grows in forests at higher altitudes with high annual rainfall. The reddish wood is of little value and the trees are rarely used as ornamental trees, mostly only in arboretums and larger gardens.
description
Habitus
Libocedrus bidwillii forms up to 25 trees, sometimes 28 meters high, with diameters from 1 to 1.5 meters at chest height . The bark is thin, scaly, gray-brown and flakes off in thin strips. The branches are long, ascending or spread out. The leafy branches are numerous and arranged in dense, superimposed clusters that form a pyramidal crown in young trees and an irregular or conical crown in trees in forests. In young trees the leafy branches form flattened clusters, in older trees they are irregularly shaped and ascending. The outermost branches are almost opposite to alternate, 5 to 40 millimeters long, completely covered with leaves and persistent. In younger trees they are flattened, in older trees they have a more square cross-section.
leaves
The leaves grow opposite to one another and are short on the outermost branches, overlapping and twofold on young trees. The surface leaves are small, rhombic, 1.5 to 2 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide, pointed to pointed and pressed. They are covered at the base by the larger, 2 to 4 rarely up to 6 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters wide, protruding and on both sides flattened and slightly curved, whole-edged leaves. The leaves of older trees are smaller and almost identical. The leaves form stomata on both sides , in the case of flat leaves near the base, in the case of the edge leaves they are reduced on the upper side and arranged in a clear, short band on the lower side.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones stand individually at the branch ends. They are round to ovoid and 2.5 to 5 millimeters long. The 8 to 10 sometimes to 14 microsporophylls grow cross-opposite. They are shield-shaped, with entire margins and have four yellow, abaxial pollen sacs. The seed cones are at the ends of branches with leaves of the same shape. The last pair of leaves is 8 to 12 millimeters long and lignifies within one growing season. The cover scales are 7 to 10 millimeters long, slightly wrinkled and bent back. Two to four egg-shaped, flattened, pointed, 2 to 3 millimeters long, brown seeds with a white hilum and two opposite, thin-skinned wings are formed per cones . The smaller wing forms a 1 millimeter wide strip, the larger is yellowish brown, irregularly oval-elongated, 4 to 5 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Distribution and location requirements
The natural range of Libocedrus bidwillii is on the North and South Island of New Zealand at altitudes of 250 to 1200 meters. The species grows in the montane to subalpine, evergreen rainforest and is one of the largest trees in this area. It grows together with Halocarpus biformis , Phyllocladus trichomanoides var. Alpinus and Podocarpus cunninghamii , at lower altitudes also with the Rimu resin ( Dacrydium cupressinum ). In addition, bedecksamer grow like the South Island ironwood ( Metrosideros umbellata ), Nothofagus solandri , Quintinia acutifolia and Weinmannia racemosa . The trees are long-lived and reach an age of 800 to 1000 years. The soil has a high proportion of organic material and is mostly saturated with water. At higher altitudes, the forests are limited to drained areas surrounded by peaty bogs with sedge. The climate is humid with high annual rainfall and frequent fog. Summers are humid and cool.
Danger
In the Red List of the IUCN is Libocedrus bidwillii be deemed not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern"). It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary.
Systematics and research history
Libocedrus bidwillii is a kind of genre the libocedrus ( Libocedrus ) in the family of cypress plants (Cupressaceae). It was first described in 1864 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in the Handbook of the New Zealand Flora . The genus name Libocedrus is derived from the Greek libos for “tear” or “drop”, referring to resin droplets emerging, and from cedrus the genus name of the cedar trees . The specific epithet bidwillii honors the collector John C. Bidwill (1815-1853), who sent material from many New Zealand species to William Jackson Hooker , the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew .
use
The reddish wood of the species is of little value because it splinters easily. The species is a little more common than Libocedrus plumosa , the other scaly cedar species in New Zealand, used as an ornamental tree, but it is mostly restricted to arboretums and larger gardens.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 505-506 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 340 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ^ Trivial name after Steve Cafferty: Cosmos-Atlas trees of the world . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 87 .
- ↑ a b c d e Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 505
- ↑ Libocedrus bidwillii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 8, 2016.
- ↑ Libocedrus bidwillii in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ↑ Libocedrus bidwillii. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, July 13, 2007, accessed January 25, 2013 .
- ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 340
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 506
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Libocedrus bidwillii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed January 25, 2013 .
- Libocedrus bidwillii. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 25, 2013 .