Scaled Cedars

Scaled Cedars
	Libocedrus plumosa
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Coniferopsida
Order :	Conifers (Coniferales)
Family :	Cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Genre :	Scaled Cedars
Scientific name
	Libocedrus
	Final

The scaled cedars ( Libocedrus ), also called river cedars , are a genus of evergreen shrubs or trees from the cypress family (Cupressaceae). The branches are frond-shaped and covered with scaly leaves. The natural range of the species is on New Zealand and New Caledonia . None of the five species is used frequently, only one is of minor importance for forestry.

description

Habitus

The cedar cedars are single , evergreen shrubs or trees up to 35 m high. The bark is reddish brown to brown, scaly and flakes off in elongated strips or plates. The branches are spread out or ascending and form a pyramidal, conical or bushy crown. The branches are frond-shaped and also ascending or spreading.

leaves

The leaves are scale-shaped, cross-opposed, arranged like roof tiles and sloping down. They have entire margins, with free-standing or pressed, blunt to pointed end of the leaf. The stomata form clear stripes on the underside of the branches. On the outermost, flattened branches they are clearly two-shaped: the flat leaves are smaller to about the same size as the edge leaves, rhombic and 1 to 5 mm long. The edge leaves are 2 to 7 mm long, folded lengthways, protruding, curved sickle-shaped and glandless.

Cones and seeds

The pollen cones stand individually at the ends of the branches. They are 2.5 to 10 mm long and have a diameter of 2 to 3.5 mm. The 8 to 24 microsporophylls are cross-opposed, they are shield-shaped and usually carry 4, rarely to 6, abaxial pollen sacs. The seed cones grow on the ends of the flattened branches and are surrounded by 4 to 5, 8 to 18 mm long leaves. The cones consist of two pairs of cross-opposed, woody and peeled cone scales with more or less thorns on the outside. The upper, fertile pair opens when the cones ripen, the lower has a similar shape, but is smaller and sterile. 4 seeds with two differently sized wings are formed per cone . Seedlings form two cotyledons .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Tribe of Libocedrus bidwillii
Branches of Libocedrus bidwillii
Branch of Libocedrus plumosa

distribution

Distribution area of the five species of scaled cedar: New Zealand and New Caledonia

The natural range of two of the five species is in New Zealand , the other three come from New Caledonia .

Systematics

The libocedrus ( Libocedrus ) are a genus in the family of cypress plants (Cupressaceae). There it is assigned to the subfamily Callitroideae. The genus was supported by the Austrian botanists Stephan Endlicher 1847 Synopsis Coniferarum , Volume 42 first described . The type species is Libocedrus plumosa (D.Don) coffin. The generic name Libocedrus is derived from the Greek libos for “tear” or “drop”, referring to resin droplets that emerge and from cedrus, the generic name of the cedar trees . A synonym of the genus is Stegocedrus Doweld , a taxon that was established in 2001 by Alexander Borissovitch Doweld . Stegocedrus austrocaledonica (= Libocedrus austrocaledonica ) was specified as the type species . However, the genus is usually not recognized. The genus Libocedrus used to include the representatives of the genera Calocedrus , Austrocedrus , Papuacedrus and Pilgerodendron , which, according to molecular genetic studies, are assigned to their own genera. An exception is the genus Pilgerodendron , which, according to molecular studies , can be counted as Libocedrus , but has large morphological differences. The following five species are also assigned to the scaled cypress:

Libocedrus austrocaledonica Brongn. & Gris , from New Caledonia
Pahautea river cedar ( Libocedrus bidwillii Hook.f. ), from New Zealand
Libocedrus chevalieri J.Buchholz , from New Caledonia
Kawaka river cedar ( Libocedrus plumosa (D.Don) Druce ): It occurs on the North Island and the South Island of New Zealand.
Libocedrus yateensis Guillaumin , from New Caledonia.

use

Libocedrus plumosa , a forest tree up to 25 m high, is the only species that is of minor forest importance. The species and also Libocedrus bidwillii can sometimes be seen in culture. The representatives of the genus are not hardy in Central Europe.

swell

literature

Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 503 .
Steve Cafferty: Cosmos Atlas Trees of the World . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 86-87 .
Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 269 .
Paul A. Gadek, Deryn L. Alpers, Margaret M. Heslewood, Christopher J. Quinn: Relationships within Cupressaceae sensu lato: A Combined Morphological and Molecular Approach . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 87 , no. 7 , 2000, pp. 1044-1057 ( online [PDF]).
Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 340 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

↑ German name after Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas trees of the world , p. 86 and Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten , p. 269
↑ ^a ^b ^c Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2, page 1511. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 503
^ Armin Jagel, Veit Dörken: Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part III. Callitroideae . Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project, Vol. 4 (3), 2015, pp. 91-103 ( PDF )
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas Trees of the World , p. 86
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten , p. 269
↑ Libocedrus . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 12, 2013 .
↑ ^a ^b Gadek et al .: Relationships within Cupressaceae sensu lato: A Combined Morphological and Molecular Approach , p. 1055
↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 340
↑ Libocedrus . In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 12, 2013 .
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Libocedrus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 20, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Common Cedars ( Libocedrus ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Christopher J. Earle: Libocedrus. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on January 12, 2013 .

[deutsch-1] German name after Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas trees of the world , p. 86 and Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten , p. 269

[Zander2008-2] Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2, page 1511. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

[Farjon-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 503

[jagel,_dörken-4] Armin Jagel, Veit Dörken: Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part III. Callitroideae . Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project, Vol. 4 (3), 2015, pp. 91-103 ( PDF )

[Cafferty86-5] Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas Trees of the World , p. 86

[LBS-6] Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten , p. 269

[GRIN-7] Libocedrus . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 12, 2013 .

[Gadek55-8] Gadek et al .: Relationships within Cupressaceae sensu lato: A Combined Morphological and Molecular Approach , p. 1055

[Gen_Gat-9] To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 340

[PlantList-10] Libocedrus . In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 12, 2013 .

[WCSP-11] Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Libocedrus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 20, 2019.