Libocedrus plumosa
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Libocedrus plumosa |
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| ( D.Don ) coffin. |
Libocedrus plumosa or Kawaka is an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus libocedrus ( Libocedrus ). The range of the kind is on the north and south island of New Zealand . There it grows in the lowlands in evergreen rainforests with high annual rainfall, warm summers and mild winters. The dark, reddish wood is popular for paneling and veneer, but the species is of little economic importance due to its rarity and protection. It is also rarely used as an ornamental plant.
description
Habitus
Libocedrus plumosa forms up to 30, sometimes 35 meter high trees with chest height diameters of 2 to 3 meters. The bark is thin, scaly, light brown to gray-brown and flakes off in narrow, about 10 centimeters wide and elongated strips. The branches are long, ascending or spread out. Numerous leafy branches are formed, which are arranged in dense, stacked tufts. In young trees they form a pyramidal crown, in trees in forests an irregular or conical crown. The leafy branches, which do not form cones, form flattened tufts. The outermost branches are almost opposite to alternate, 15 to 35 millimeters long and 2 to 6 millimeters wide, completely covered with leaves and persistent.
leaves
The leaves grow in opposite directions and are short on the outermost branches, overlapping and two-shaped. The surface leaves are small, rhombic, 1 to 2 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide, pointed to pointed and pressed. They are covered at the base by the larger, 2 to 5 seldom up to 6 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide, protruding and on both sides flattened and slightly curved, entire-edged leaves. The leaves of older trees are smaller and almost identical. The leaves form stomata on both sides . Flat leaves form these close to the base, with the edge leaves they are arranged on the top in a small groove, on the underside as a clear, irregular band.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones stand individually at the branch ends. They are round to ovoid and 3 to 5 millimeters long. The 8 to 12 microsporophylls grow cross-opposite. They are shield-shaped, with entire margins and have four yellow, abaxial pollen sacs. The seed cones are at the ends of branches with only weakly two-shaped leaves. They lignify within one growing season and are then 12 to 18 millimeters long. The upper pair of cover scales is 10 to 15 millimeters long, slightly bent back on the outside, with a blunt or pointed end. The lower pair is shorter at 5 to 9 millimeters and has pointed ends of the scales. Two to four egg-shaped, flattened, pointed, 3 to 5 millimeters long, brown seeds with white hilum and two opposite, thin-skinned wings are formed per cones . The smaller wing forms a strip less than 1 millimeter wide, the larger one is yellowish brown, irregularly oval-elongated, 6 to 8 millimeters long and 3 to 4.5 millimeters wide.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Distribution and location requirements
The natural range of Libocedrus plumosa is on the North Island of New Zealand , on the South Island it is limited to the Nelson District . It grows from sea level to an altitude of 600 meters. Lowland it forms in evergreen, mixed rain forests along with other conifers , such as the New Zealand Warzeneibe ( Dacrycarpus dacrydioides ), the dacrydium cupressinum ( Dacrydium cupressinum ) kirkii halocarpus , manoao , Phyllocladus trichomanoides , Podocarpus cunninghamii , Podocarpus totara , Prumnopitys ferruginea , Prumnopitys taxifolia and in the north of the North Island with the New Zealand Kauri tree ( Agathis australis ) the crown layer. In addition, there grow bedeckers such as Beilschmiedia tarairi , Dysoxylum spectabile and the South Sea myrtle ( Leptospermum scoparium ). The climatic conditions are characterized by abundant rainfall, warm summers and mild winters.
Danger
In the Red List of the IUCN is Libocedrus plumosa risk than low ( "Lower Risk / near threatened") out. It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary. Lowland forests have been depressed since Europeans settled in New Zealand, and there is no data on how much this has affected stocks. The regeneration cycle extends over several hundred years and sustainable survival depends on large areas of undisturbed old trees. In spite of the establishment of protected areas, such stocks are endangered by selective felling, which is still possible.
Systematics and research history
Libocedrus plumosa is a kind of genre the libocedrus ( Libocedrus ) in the family of cypress plants (Cupressaceae). It was first described by David Don in 1832 as Dacrydium plumosum ( Basionym ) , and thus assigned to the genus of resin slices ( Dacrydium ). Charles Sprague Sargent introduced the species to the scaled cedars in 1896. The genus name Libocedrus is derived from the Greek libos for “tear” or “drop”, referring to resin droplets emerging, and from cedrus the genus name of the cedar trees . The specific epithet plumosa is derived from the Latin pluma for "down feather" and thus refers to the shape of the foliage.
Other synonyms are Libocedrus doniana (Hook.) Endl. and Thuja doniana Hook.
use
The dark, reddish wood of the species is finely grained and beautifully patterned and is therefore often used for veneers and paneling. Due to the rarity and the protective measures, however, it is of little economic importance. It is rarely cultivated because it is more sensitive to cold than Libocedrus bidwillii , but it can be grown in southern Europe and California if the water supply is guaranteed.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 507-508 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 340, 494 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ^ Trivial name after Steve Cafferty: Cosmos-Atlas trees of the world . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 87 .
- ↑ a b c d e Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 507
- ↑ Libocedrus plumosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 8, 2016.
- ↑ Libocedrus plumosa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, pp. 507, 508
- ↑ Libocedrus plumosa. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., Accessed February 2, 2013 .
- ↑ Dacrydium plumosum. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., Accessed February 3, 2013 .
- ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 340
- ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 494
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 508
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Libocedrus plumosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on February 2, 2013 .
- Libocedrus plumosa. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 2, 2013 .