Linden bug
| Linden bug | ||||||||||||
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Linden bug ( Oxycarenus lavaterae ) |
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| Oxycarenus lavaterae | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1787) |
The linden bug or mallow bug ( Oxycarenus lavaterae ) is a bug from the family Oxycarenidae .
features
The females of the species reach 5.5 to 6, the slightly smaller males 4.7 to 5.1 millimeters in length. They are predominantly colored red and black. The head, the entire prothorax, the scutellum and all the links of the antennae are black . The legs, splints and tarsi are partially lightened. The fore legs have two large and two to three small teeth. The wing hemispheres and the abdomen are predominantly brick-red. The trapezoidal pronotum is about 1.3 to 1.5 times as wide as long, it has a shallow transverse impression in the middle. The forewings reach the top of the abdomen or are a little longer. Its inner field, the clavus , is red-brown with three rows of dots. The corium is brick red to pink, colored with a blackish tip. The membrane of the forewings is colorless and transparent, it looks shiny white. The upper side of the abdomen is brick-red, its outer area (connexive) blackish.
The nymphs can be recognized by their black head and red abdomen. The wing sheaths of the nymphs are completely black.
distribution
The original range of the linden bug is the western Mediterranean area, including western North Africa and the Canary Islands. Whether other finds in tropical and southern Africa and in Arabia can also be assigned to this species, or whether it is confused with other species of the genus, is disputed: individuals deposited in collections mostly belonged to the species Oxycarenus zavattarii. The original distribution area in Europe is given: the Iberian Peninsula , France, north to Aquitaine and Haute-Vienne , almost all of Italy, to the edge of Ticino and South Tyrol, and the north-west of the Balkan Peninsula. The species began to spread north and east from here around the mid-1990s. By 2000 Hungary (1994), Slovakia (1995) and Bulgaria were reached, and in 2001 Austria. The first German evidence, from the Upper Rhine Plain, comes from 2004, from where the species quickly spread northward in the Rhine Valley. Individual finds in England, the Netherlands and Finland are based on imported animals, the species has not yet established itself here. In Germany there are individual finds up to the middle of the country, in northern Germany the species was detected in Berlin in 2019. In Switzerland, mass occurrences are already given for 2005. To the east, Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania were settled. The species is now also found in northern France as far as Normandy.
At the same time, a second species of the genus, Oxycarenus pallens , begins to spread northward in the Czech Republic, which is indicated by the mallow family and aster family. Evidence from Germany and Austria is now also available. The species can be distinguished on the arched rear edge of the corium ( straight in O.lavaterae ).
Way of life
The linden bugs can be found on mallow plants such as poplar , marshmallow , hibiscus and mallow . In autumn, the bugs collect on the trunks and branches of linden trees , where they form colonies. The linden bugs hibernate as adults, typically on these trees. The mass occurrence of these animals is observed again and again.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Johann Christian Fabricius under the name Acanthia lavaterae in 1787, it is the type species of the genus. The genus Oxycarenus is distributed over the Old World, in Eurasia, Africa and Australia with about 50 species, its center of distribution is Africa. The species should be able to form hybrids in laboratory experiments with Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa), which is feared as a cotton pest . Whether these also occur outdoors is controversial.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jean Pericart: . Hémiptères Lygaeidae Euro-méditerranéens - Vol 2. Systématique: seconde partie - Oxycareninae, Bledionotinae, Rhyparochrominae (1). Faune de France, France et Régions Limitrophes, 84 B. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences naturelles, Paris 1998. ISBN 2-903052-19-0 , p. 1 (Oxycareninae), pp. 9-12 (Oxycarenus lavaterae) ( PDF ; 32 MB), accessed on December 30, 2018 (French).
- ↑ P. Kment, O. Vahala, K. Hradil (2006): First records of Oxycarenus lavaterae (Heteroptera: Oxycarenidae) from the Czech Republic, with review of its distribution and biology. Klapalekiana 42: 97-127.
- ↑ Wolfgang Rabitsch & Karl Adlbauer (2001): First record and known distribution of Oxycarenus lavaterae (FABRICIUS, 1787) in Austria (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Contributions to entomofaunistics 2: 49-54.
- ^ W. Billen (2004): Short report on the appearance of a new bug in Germany. - News bulletin of the German Plant Protection Service 56: 309-310.
- ↑ Tagesspiegel from March 4th, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Beat Wermelinger, Denise Wyniger & Beat Forster: Mass occurrence and first evidence of Oxycarenus lavaterae (F.) (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) on the north side of the Swiss Alps (PDF (2.2 MB)) Communications of the Swiss Entomological Society, 78: 311 -316, 2005. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
- ↑ Wolfgang Rabitsch (2008): Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 1827: 1-44.
- ↑ Miloš Krist & Petr Kment (2006): Blánatka světlá (Oxycarenus pallens) (Heteroptera, Oxycarenidae) na střední Moravě. Zprávy Vlastivědného muzea v Olomouci 285: 77-81.
- ↑ Bugs found while looking for mushrooms . Badish newspaper. January 11, 2013.
- ↑ RN Nagoshi, O. Paraiso, J. Brambila, MT Kairo (2012): Assessing the Usefulness of DNA Barcoding to Identify Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Hemiptera: Oxycarenidae) in Florida, a Potentially Invasive Pest of Cotton. Florida Entomologist 95 (4): 1174-1181.