Lockbourne
| Lockbourne | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Location in Ohio
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Ohio | ||
| County : | Franklin County | ||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 49 ′ N , 82 ° 58 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 ) | ||
| Residents : | 280 (as of 2000) | ||
| Population density : | 1,400 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 0.2 km 2 (approx. 0 mi 2 ) thereof 0.2 km 2 (approx. 0 mi 2 ) land |
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| Height : | 217 m | ||
| Postal code : | 43137 | ||
| Area code : | +1 614 | ||
| FIPS : | 39-44310 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1065015 | ||
Lockbourne is a village in County Franklin in the American state of Ohio , about 20 km south of downtown Columbus . Lockbourne has just under 300 inhabitants (as of the 2000 census), and counts as a " Village ".
Lockbourne is home to two listed buildings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the Christian S. Herr House , built in the late 19th century , and the AF Maxwell House , built in the first half of the 19th century .
history
Lockbournes name is associated with the construction of the Ohio-Erie Canal in the years 1825-1832. The eight lock steps that were built here so that the boats could overcome the difference in height were an important canal structure . There were also two canal basins and the weir system on Big Walnut Creek , which regulated the water supply into the canal, especially during floods. The eight locks bearing the numbers 23 to 30 and then Lockbourne was mostly "Eight Locks" ( Eight locks called).
The name Lockbourne did not come about until 1831, when Colonel James Kilbourne (1770-1850) submitted plans to establish a parish here at the locks of the Ohio-Erie Canal. Lockbourne is a suitcase word that emerged from the contraction of "Lock" (sluice) and the name of the founder "Kilbourne".
In 1827–31 a branch canal 18 km long was built from Lockbourne to Columbus to connect Columbus to the Ohio-Erie Canal. This also had two locks to overcome the difference in height of around 4.20 m between Lockbourne and Columbus. The first boat reached Columbus via this branch canal on September 23, 1831.
Soon after the founding of Lockbourne there were numerous restaurants, the Canal House Hotel , a hub for cargo, a whiskey - distillery that two of its own canal boats to transport the barrels entertained, a sawmill and a flour mill, the difference in height between lock 30 and Lock 23 used to generate energy from hydropower. The lock keeper's house was also located at lock 30.
Between 1850 and 1860, the economic importance of the canal quickly declined with the advent of the railroad. In 1904 the last canal boat sailed the branch canal between Columbus and Lockbourne. Today only the remnants of lock 30 and the weir to Big Walnut Creek can be viewed in Lock Meadow Park.
Lockbourne Army Air Base
Lockbourne is located near Rickenbacker International Airport and was named for its original name as Lockbourne Army Air Base (Lockbourne AAB). Since the Army Air Base in Tuskegee was closed in April 1946, the Army Air Force (AAF) moved the 477th Composite Group previously stationed there to Lockbourne in March 1946. The 477th CG was the AAF's only airborne combat unit made up of African Americans. The pilots of the unit (previously 332nd Fighter Wing) are also known as Tuskegee Airmen . After the transfer, there were 260 black officers in Lockbourne and the surrounding area, about 75% of all black AAF officers and 100% of all black AAF pilots. After racist attacks on black officers and soldiers in Lockbourne, the National Emergency Committee Against Mob Violence appealed to President Truman in September 1946.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ National Register of Historic Places: Ohio, County Franklin : Herr, Christian S., House (1982 NRHP Record, # 820035)
- ↑ National Register of Historic Places: Ohio, County Franklin : Landes, Samuel, House (NRHP listing 1987, # 87000688)
- ^ The Historical Marker Database: The Columbus Feeder Canal
- ^ The Historical Marker Database: Historic Lockbourne
- ^ Charles Chester Cole: A fragile capital: identity and the early years of Columbus, Ohio . Ohio State University Press, Columbus 2001, p. 51. ISBN 0814208533
- ^ Lawrence P. Scott and William M. Womack, Double V: The Civil Rights Struggle of the Tuskegee Airmen . Michigan State University Press, Lansing (MI) 1998, pp. 273-278. ISBN 0870135023