Asparagus pea

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asparagus pea
Asparagus pea (Lotus maritimus)

Asparagus pea ( Lotus maritimus )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Horn clover
Type : Asparagus pea
Scientific name
Lotus maritimus
L.

The asparagus pea ( Lotus maritimus ), also known as yellow asparagus pea , asparagus clover , asparagus pod or asparagus bean , is a plant species within the family of butterflies (Faboideae). Their main distribution area includes the Mediterranean area and Central Europe.

description

Foliage leaf
Blooming stock

Appearance and leaf

The asparagus pea grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . It has a strong base axis and thin soil runners. The stem and the leaves are more or less hairy or glabrous and mostly bluish-green in color. The angular stem is prostrate to ascending, branched at the base and usually 10 to 20 centimeters long.

The leaves are usually somewhat fleshy and pinnate in five parts. The lower leaflets are always smaller than the upper ones and, like the stipules, briefly fused with the petiole. The lower leaflets are obliquely ovate, pointed and a little longer than the approximately 0.6 to 1.2 cm long petiole. The three terminal leaflets are short stalked to almost sessile, obovate to deltoidal due to a wedge-shaped base, up to 3 centimeters long and up to 1.5 centimeters wide. They are rounded or pointed in shape, have no clear lateral nerves and are usually only ciliate on the edge and the midrib.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period is from May to July. The relatively strong inflorescence stem is about 5 to 15 centimeters long and several times longer than the supporting leaf. The inflorescences are always single-flowered. There is a small, usually three-fold wrapper under the flower. The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is tubular-bell-shaped, often tinged with purple and has an approximately 1 centimeter long, indistinct network-nerved tube with about half as long, mostly ciliated teeth. The two upper calyx teeth are wider than the lower and sloping together. The 2.5 to 3 centimeter long crown is sulfur yellow and overflows more or less brick red as it fades. The flag is much longer than the wings and the shuttle and has an almost circular, reddish-brown striped plate and a slightly shorter nail. The wings are obovate and cover the greenish boat above.

Fruit and seeds

The straight and slightly compressed legumes are 4 to 5 inches long and about 3 millimeters wide; they are provided with four smooth longitudinal wings about 1 mm wide. The legumes are glabrous or sparsely hairy, finally colored sepia brown, springing up late, fanned out on the inside and multi-seeded.

The smooth, olive green and more or less black dotted seeds are almost spherical with a diameter of about 2 millimeters.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The subterranean parts of the asparagus pea develop an unpleasant odor. The leaflets show particularly pronounced night movements in this species.

The nectar is only accessible to insects (especially bumblebees ) that have a proboscis at least 12 mm long; short-nosed species can only get there through a break-in.

Occurrence and endangerment

Lotus maritimus is a southern Mediterranean-Central European floral element. The closed distribution area stretches from northwest Africa via Spain and France to southern Scandinavia in the north, in the east to Poland and Romania, in the south to northwest Yugoslavia, northern Italy, Corsica and Sardinia. Individual occurrences can be found in the Crimea and on the Caucasian Black Sea coast.

The asparagus pea is scattered or rarely found in Central Europe . In Germany, this species is mostly scattered and relatively rare in the central and south-western area, as well as in southern Bavaria. In Bavaria only scattered in the south, otherwise very rarely. In Germany, the hazard is classified in category 3: endangered.

The asparagus pea grows on nutrient-rich soil that is at least wet in spring . It occurs in meadows and pastures, in salt marshes and lime-rich spring rivers. In Central Europe it is a type of character of the Cirsio-Molinietum and a type of character of the Molinion association, but also occurs in societies of the Caricion davallianae association, in alternately dry mesobrometes or in Juncetum compressi from the Agropyro-Rumicion association.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Lotus maritimus was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms of Lotus maritimus L. are: Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth , Lotus siliquosus L.

photos

  • Foliage leaf with stipules

  • Zygomorphic flowers

  • blossom

  • ( Herbarium evidence ) This species should not be collected in Germany because of its rarity and endangerment.

  • Open legumes and seeds

  • Opened legume with seeds

  • Seeds

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 599–600.

Web links

Commons : Asparagus pea ( Lotus maritimus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files