Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre

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Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans (Portrait of Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun )

Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre , also just called Mademoiselle de Penthièvre , (born March 13, 1753 in Paris , † June 23, 1821 in Ivry-sur-Seine ) was a French princess and by marriage Duchess of Chartres (1769) and since 1785 Duchess of Orléans .

Life

Louise Marie Adélaïde was the heir to Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre (1725–1793) and his wife Maria Teresa Felicita d'Este (1726–1754), eldest daughter of Duke Francis III. of Modena and Princess Charlotte Aglaé of Orléans . Through her father, she was a great-granddaughter of King Louis XIV of France. As the last heir to all legitimate princes, her father was also the richest private citizen in France. He bequeathed this wealth to his daughter Louise Marie.

On April 5, 1769, Mademoiselle de Penthièvre married Duke Louis-Philippe Joseph of Chartres , later Philippe Égalité , son of Duke Louis Philip I of Orléans and his wife Princess Louise Henriette of Bourbon-Conti in the Palace of Versailles . Through this marriage the immeasurable possessions and the titles of the Penthièvre family came to the Orléans family . In this, the son of her grandson François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville , Pierre Philippe Jean Marie d'Orléans (1845-1919) received the title of Duke of Penthièvre. Before him, Charles d'Orléans (1820–1828), another grandson of Louise Marie, who died early, bore this title.

The marriage with Duke Louis Philippe Joseph, who resembled his great-grandfather, the former regent Philippe II d'Orléans , in character and debauchery , was soon considered unhappy. Duke Louis Philippe II maintained close relationships with alternating mistresses, including the Comtesse de Genlis , the Duchess's maid of honor since 1770, who was entrusted with the upbringing of the ducal children in the Palais Royal , the couple's residence, and with Lady Grace Dalrymple Elliott . With the permission of King Louis XVI. Louise Marie Adélaïde d'Orléans separated from her husband on July 25, 1792 and retired to Bizy Castle in Vernon , Upper Normandy .

French Revolution and Exile

Her sister-in-law, the Princess of Lamballe , one of Marie Antoinette's closest confidants , voluntarily followed the Queen into captivity. Louise Marie Adélaïde and her father offered a fortune for the release of their relatives, but could not prevent their cruel abuse and murder by the mob in La Force prison on September 3, 1792 (→ September massacre ). Later they obtained the handover of the decapitated body and arranged for a proper burial. The Duke of Penthièvre died a broken man six months later, on March 4, 1793.

After a futile attempt to overthrow the revolutionary government in 1793, Louise Marie Adélaïde d'Orléans' two eldest sons fled to the Austrian camp with General Charles-François Dumouriez . When the escape in Paris became known, the arrest of all Bourbons who had remained in France , including Philippe Égalité, was ordered on April 5 . Madame d'Orléans, now Citoyenne Égalité and later called the widow Égalité , was placed under guard in the Palais du Luxembourg . On November 6, Philippe Égalité was tried and, despite having voted for the king's execution, was guillotined the same day . Louise Marie Adélaïde was released from prison in 1794 and lived in the Élysée Palace in Paris.

When all Bourbons were banned from France by decree in 1797 , she found refuge in Spain with her sister-in-law Bathilde d'Orléans , Princess of Condé . In exile, she lived with the politician Jacques-Marie Rouzet , the love of her life , whom she had met in the Palais du Luxembourg. The two remained inseparable until Rouzet's death on October 24, 1820. Louise Marie Adélaïde had him buried in the family chapel of the House of Bourbon-Penthièvre in Dreux.

Later years

After Napoleon's deposition by the Senate and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814, Madame d'Orléans returned to France with her partner. They lived together in the castle of Ivry-sur-Seine . For the next few years she struggled to get her fortune back. By King Louis XVIII. she got back the extensive possessions of the Penthièvres, as far as they had not been sold.

Louise Marie Adélaïde died on June 23, 1821 of complications from breast cancer and was buried in the Chapelle royale de Dreux in Dreux , which she herself had built. This chapel serves as a burial place for their descendants to this day.

progeny

The marriage to Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans had five children:

title

  • 1753–1769 Mademoiselle de Penthièvre .
  • 1769–1785 Duchess of Chartres.
  • 1785–1793 Duchess of Orléans.
  • 1793–1821 Madame d'Orléans.

literature

  • Armand Baschet: Histoire de Philippe Égalité , Grandet, Paris, 1851
  • Jean Duma: Les Bourbon-Penthièvre (1678–1793): Une nébuleuse aristocratique au XVIIIe siècle , Paris: Ed. Publications de la Sorbonne, Coll. Histoire moderne (1995) ISBN 2-85944-272-3
  • Grace D. Elliott: Journal de ma vie durant la Révolution française , Editions de Paris, Paris, 2001, ISBN 2-84621-012-8 <Repr. d. Paris 1859 edition>
  • Elisabeth Guenard: Vie du duc de Penthièvre , Paris: l'Imprimerie de A. Egron, chez Dujardin, An XI (d. I. 1803)
  • Pierre S. Laurentie: Histoire des ducs d'Orléans , Olms, Hildesheim 1993 ff., ISBN 3-487-26067-0 <Repr. d. Edition Paris 1832>
  • Alfred Nettement: Philippe-Égalité , Sonderdr. from Le Monde (Paris) on November 5, 1842
  • Gabriel Peignot: Précis historique, généalogique et littéraire de la maison d'Orléans , Crapelet, Paris 1830
  • Antoine de Rivarol : Portrait du duc d'Orléans et de Madame de Genlis
  • Pierre J. Roussel: Correspondance de Louis-Philippe Joseph d'Orléans avec Louis XVI., La reine, Montmorin, Liancourt, Biron, La Fayette, etc., etc. , Marchant, Paris 1800
  • P. Tournois: Histoire de Louis Philippe Joseph duc d'Orléans dans ses rapports avec la révolution , Charpentier, Paris 1842

Web links

Commons : Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Bourbon-Penthièvre, Louise Marie Adélaïde de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bourbon, Louise Marie Adélaïde de; Penthièvre, Mademoiselle de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobles and by marriage Duchess of Orléans
DATE OF BIRTH March 13, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1821
Place of death Ivry-sur-Seine