Louise of Panhuys

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Louise of Panhuys (1823)

Louise von Panhuys, born von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (born October 10, 1763 in Frankfurt am Main , † October 18, 1844 there ), was a German plant and landscape painter. Her works include, above all, watercolors of plants with depictions of the plants grown primarily for export or as food and consumer goods. She herself considered the watercolors of botanical and ethnographic content to be more scientific than artistic. It was shaped primarily by the work of Maria Sibylla Merian and the travelogues of Alexander von Humboldt .

Life

Louise Friederike Auguste von Panhuys (married name since November 26, 1805), born von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (from March 14, 1789 Reichsfreiin), was the sixth child of (Helene Elisabeth) Charlotte von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten, born von Veltheim auf Destedt (1736–1804, since March 14, 1789 Reichsfreifrau), and Heinrich Carl von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (1725–1793, since March 14, 1789, Reichsfreifherr; maiden name: Carl Andreas Wiesenhüter) born in Frankfurt. She received her artistic training from her mother, who was herself an amateur painter and held a leading position in Frankfurt society, as well as from Christian Georg Schütz dem Vetter (1758–1823), a nephew of the second degree ("cousin"), who was not related to her. by Christian Georg Schütz the Elder , in landscape and watercolor painting. Her mother was a second cousin of Goethe's mother, Catharina Elisabeth Goethe , née Textor , due to their common descent from the Lindheimer family . Because of the relationship and the physical proximity of the parents' houses of Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten and Goethe (see below), Louise became acquainted with the poet at an early stage.

Presumably after the death of her father, who died on February 7, 1793, she moved to Darmstadt . Here she ran the household of her brother Carl Ludwig Freiherr von Barckhaus, who was divorced in 1792, called von Wiesenhütten (1761–1823, member of the patrician society Zum Frauenstein from 1786, Imperial Baron from 1789), who was first at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt as stable master, then vice Oberstallmeister and Oberstallmeister, who was appointed Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in 1798 by Ludwig X. Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, who later became Grand Duke Ludwig I of Hesse and the Rhine , but was dismissed in 1805 because of his alleged friendly attitude towards France. From 1802 to 1805 she made two long trips to England with her brother , where she came into contact with English naturalists and botanical illustrators in order to train as a painter. Presumably during this time she also took lessons from the then famous botanical painter James Sowerby . The watercolors created in England are now in private hands.

Marriage, Suriname

Louise von Panhuys: Blossom and fruit of the wild Surinamese cocoa (1812)

On November 26, 1805, she married the widowed Dutch officer Willem Benjamin van Panhuys (1764–1816), who was born in Maastricht and who served temporarily in the Hessian army after the occupation of the Netherlands by Napoléon Bonaparte's troops . In 1811 she accompanied her husband to Suriname . As heir to his first wife, Clasina Alexandra Elisabeth van Panhuys, born Reynsdorp (1769–1797), he was the owner of the Nut en Schadelijk coffee plantation on the lower reaches of the Commewijne . Here they later acquired the Alkmaar sugar cane plantation on the opposite bank. A year after the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, the Netherlands regained the colony of Suriname from the English, which had been occupied by the English since 1804.

Willem von Panhuys was appointed by King Wilhelm I of the Netherlands as the first governor- general of the colony of Suriname after the English rule. His formal term of office only lasted from February 27, 1816 until his death on July 18, 1816. After her husband's funeral in Paramaribo , Louise van Panhuy's widow finally left Suriname in August 1816 and moved back to her parents' home “To the Three Kings “In the Große Eschenheimer Gasse / corner of the Zeil in Frankfurt. One of the previous owners of the house was the engraver and publisher Matthäus Merian the Younger (1621–1687), the half-brother of Maria Sibylla Merian .

estate

She donated the approximately 90 watercolors, which were mainly created in Suriname between 1811 and 1816, to the Senckenberg Natural Research Society in Frankfurt am Main in 1824 . These are now on permanent loan in the Johann Christian Senckenberg University Library in Frankfurt . Ethnografica are located in the Museum of World Cultures Frankfurt / M.

In September / October 1898, the Senckenberg Natural Research Society presented part of the estate of Louise von Panhuys to the public for the first time. In 1991 there was an exhibition and catalog in the Senckenberg Library in Frankfurt. The Senckenberg Natural History Museum exhibited pen drawings by Maria Sibylla Merian (1674–1717) and watercolors by Louise von Panhuys as a monthly theme in March / April 2007. In June and August 2009, Frankfurter Sparkasse 1822 exhibited the plant drawings by the two Frankfurt women Louise von Panhuys and Elisabeth Schultz.

Encounters with Goethe

As on August 15, 1793, the 'Frau Generalin' met Goethe again on September 17, 1814 while he was returning for ten days to Frankfurt am Main as “an old friend who had returned from Surinam. Ms. Gen. v. Panheus born von Barckhaus. "Paul Raabe remarks:" Perhaps Louise's sister Charlotte Edle von Oetinger (1756–1823) was also mentioned [...] when Amasia was immortalized in Werther . "Goethe should be the young Louise von Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten in the Act more often. Her parents' house "Zu den Drey Königen" was only about 400 meters from the Goethe house "Zu den Drey Leyern" in the Großer Hirschgraben and was very close to the Sankt-Katharinen-Kirche , where the Goethe family had their two pews. The Goethe and von Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten families were also able to meet at the Sunday church service.

Your sister Charlotte

Of her siblings, Charlotte (Louise Ernestine) Edle von Oetinger, born von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten (1756–1823), should be emphasized, who since 1784 with Eberhard Christoph Ritter and Edlem von Oetinger (1743–1805), 1784–1805 Reich Chamber Court - Assessor (judging judge) in Wetzlar , a Freemason who had previously been active in Stuttgart since 1774 and who was the head of the Illuminati under the name of the order "Tessin". He was a nephew of the Pietist prelate Friedrich Christoph Oetinger . The further connection to Frankfurt am Main was made possible by the admission of 11 November 1785. Oetingers was promoted to the Frankfurt patrician society Zum Frauenstein. According to the above-mentioned testimony of the Frankfurt merchant Johann Isaak Gerning , who is known as Goethe, from the year 1793, she was once a lover ("Amasia") of Goethe. According to the testimony of Goethe's friend Johann Jakob von Willemer , the Frankfurt banker, Freemason and Illuminati , to Goethe himself from 1824, which remained without contradiction, the poet wrote to Goethe himself in 1774 in the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther in the form of the aristocratic 'second Lotte '"Miss von B ..", d. H. 'Von Barckhaus', a literary monument set. During his ten-day stay in Frankfurt in September 1814, Goethe was with Willemer and his future wife Marianne, geb. Pirngruber, called Jung, and, as mentioned, met Charlotte Edler from Oetinger's sister Louise van Panhuys.

A portrait (half-length portrait) of Charlotte Louise Ernestine Edler von Oetinger, born in Darmstadt, is privately owned . von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten, from around 1791 or 1792. The painter Johann Friedrich Dryander executed it as a pastel on paper measuring 55 cm × 65 cm. A color photographic reproduction belongs to the picture collection of the Saarland Cultural Heritage Foundation (inventory number 104). An illustration measuring 18.5 × 16 cm can be found in the exhibition catalog Saarlandmuseum [corporation]: Johann Friedrich Dryander.An artist between the royal court and the bourgeoisie, September 16, 2006 - January 7, 2007. ( On the occasion of the exhibition […] im Saarland Museum, Old Collection .) Ed. By Ralph Melcher. With contributions by Roland Augustin, Stefan Heinlein, Sibylle Nöth, Eva Wolf and Ralph Melcher. Saarland Cultural Heritage Foundation, Saarland Museum, Saarbrücken, 2006, ISBN 978-3932036217 , p. 73, panel P 11.

Web links

Commons : Works by Louise von Panhuys from Suriname  - collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

literature

  • Journey to Surinam, plant and landscape pictures by Louise von Panhuys 1763–1844 , with contributions by Karin Görner and Klaus Dobat. Published by the Senckenberg Library of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 1991. - ISBN 3-921185-05-X .
  • Stefanie Bickel and Esther Walldorf: Elisabeth Schultz and Louise von Panhuys - Two Frankfurt painters of the 19th century between art and science . Issued by the 1822 Foundation of Frankfurter Sparkasse. Frankfurt am Main 2009.
  • Renate Hücking: Surinam am Main - The landscape and plant painter Louise von Panhuys . In: Pine trees, palms, bitter oranges - exotic garden worlds in FrankfurtRheinMain . Edited by KulturRegion FrankfurtRheinMain (project leader: Heidrun Merk). Frankfurt / M .: Societäts-Verlag 2012, pp. 102–111. - ISBN 978-3-942921-84-8 .
  • Paul Raabe: An unprinted letter from Goethe to Louise van Panhuys . In: Paul Raabe: To Goethe's letters . Corviniana 2, pp. 9-17. [Wolfenbüttel: Self-published by Paul Raabe.] Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag [Distribution] 2013, pp. 9–17. - ISBN 978-3-8353-1281-4 . (P. 8: "Goethe's letter to Louise van Panhuys. [Frankfurt] September 20, 1814" [facsimile]; p. 9 [transcription].)

About her family and sister Charlotte :

  • Reinhard Breymayer: "... a once-in-a-lifetime Amasia Göthen's ... who still threw him languid eyes": Charlotte von Barckhaus. The wife of the Wetzlar judge EC von Oetinger, who is related to Goethe, is a role model for Werther's Fraulein von B. In: Kulturgeschichte im Dialog. A gift to Josef Nolte . Edited by Rudolf Willy Keck [u. a.]. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg 2010 ( Hildesheim Contributions to Cultural History , Vol. 2), pp. 23–31. - ISBN 978-3-8067-8741-2 .

[In the print, the title accidentally says “also” instead of “still”.]

  • Reinhard Breymayer: Prelate Oetinger's nephew Eberhard Christoph v. Oetinger [...]. 2nd, improved edition. Tübingen: Noûs-Verlag Thomas Leon Heck 2010. - 215, [I] S. - ISBN 978-3-924249-49-6 . [With detailed information on the Barckhaus family and relationships with the Goethe Circle; see. the register p. 129.]
  • Reinhard Breymayer: Goethe, Oetinger and no end. Charlotte Edle von Oetinger, née von Barckhaus-Wiesenhütten, as Werther "Fräulein von B .." . Dußlingen: Noûs-Verlag Thomas Leon Heck 2012. 143 pp. - ISBN 3-924249-54-7 .

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Sabine Schulze (Ed.): Gardens: Order - Inspiration - Luck , Städel Museum , Frankfurt am Main & Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 978-3-7757-1870-7 , p. 56
  2. ↑ on January 18, 1728 ennobled as Carl Andreas Wiesenhüter von Wiesenhütten, after the adoption by his uncle Lic. Iur. Heinrich von Barckhaus (1691–1752) renamed Heinrich Carl von Barckhaus from April 3, 1753, called von Wiesenhütten; since 1780 member of the patrician society Zum Frauenstein .
  3. ^ The works of Louise von Panhuys in the digital collection of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , accessed on May 11, 2018.
  4. ↑ See Johann Jakob Gerning, diary August 15, 1793. In: Goethe: Encounters and Conversations . Edited by Ernst Grumach and Renate Grumach, Vol. 4. Berlin 1980, p. 36
  5. ^ Goethe's works . WA (= Weimar edition . Reprint. Dtv 1987) IV vol. 25, p. 39.
  6. ↑ On Goethe's letters . 2013, p. 11. The term "Amasia" is not found in the Werther novel, but was used by Johann Isaak Gerning in 1793 (see below). The renewed meeting with the poet requested by the painter in a letter dated September 19 (cf. the reproduction ibid., P. 11 f.) Did not take place because of his lack of time. See Goethe's answer of September 20, 1814 in the letter of September 20, 1814 first printed by Raabe, ibid., P. 8 f.
  7. ↑ See Paul Raabe: On Goethe's letters . 2013, p. 11
  8. ↑ See the reference by the Hessian State Archives in Darmstadt (holdings R 4, picture collection) at the Internet address [1] . - Neil Jeffares includes the portrait in the online edition of his Dictionary of pastellists before 1800 at the Internet address [2] (accessed August 28, 2015), here the middle portrait on p. 2, column 3, of the three image pages of the article “Dryander , Johann Friedrich ”.
personal data
SURNAME Panhuys, Louise of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 10, 1763
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1844
Place of death Frankfurt am Main