Ludeke Hollant

Ludeke Hollant , also Holland (* around 1460 in Braunschweig , † 1510 in Dömitz ( Mecklenburg )), was a German furrier , councilor and mayor in Braunschweig. He was the leader and namesake of the inner-city uprising from 1488 to 1491.

life and work

Hollant, who came from a Brunswick furrier family, was councilor from 1482 to 1484 and mayor of the soft picture Sack from 1485 to 1488 . He moved to Braunschweiger Neustadt in January 1489 , was accepted into the local wall tailor and sheet maker guild and finally elected mayor of the Neustadt.

"Ludeke Hollants Shift"

The indebted city of Braunschweig tried to counteract a currency crisis with a new coin system of January 6, 1488. The resulting devaluation of money burdened the poorer citizens in particular. There were riots by several guilds and residents who were not eligible for a guild , the minorities , whereupon the coin decree was revoked on January 19th. As the conflict continued to escalate, the insurgents elected Hollant as their spokesman on February 5. The council was handed a review with 75 articles in the Neustadtrathaus , which was accepted the following day under pressure from the street. A body consisting of 24 men was attached to the council, which practically removed it from power. 22 members of the Narrow and Common Councils were forced to resign. The new provision stipulated that relatives and by-laws were no longer allowed to belong to the council at the same time, which was directed against the network of connections between the patricians. The real violence was in the hands of the "twenty-four". Many former councilors have been forced to leave the city because of the threats posed by Hollant. Among the refugees was the municipal customs clerk Hermann Bote , who had written several political ridicule poems in Hollant.

As early as the spring of 1488, the new arbitrary rule caused the population to become increasingly indignant, as promises could not be kept. In the summer of that year Hollant received a coat of arms from Duke Wilhelm the Younger , who tried to use the inner-city unrest for his own purposes.

Fall and displacement

Hollants' attempt to have his old opponent and former councilor Ludger Horneborch sentenced to death in a trial led to unrest in October 1488. After another emergence in July 1489, Hollant's regiment collapsed in November 1490. The emerging rumor that Duke Wilhelm had had weapons brought to Dankwarderode Castle with Hollant's tolerance led to the mayor and the people joining forces against him on November 29, 1490. He holed up with his remaining followers in the Andreasfriedhof in a wagon castle. An escalation could be avoided through negotiations. Hollant surrendered and the recess of 1488 was burned in his presence on November 30th in the old town hall . The old constitution was restored with the "New Letter". When the council was re-elected in January 1491, 18 of the 22 deposed councilors were re-elected.

On January 31, 1491 there was another riot. Hollant fled to Wolfenbüttel and joined Duke Wilhelm the Elder. J. in the military service. During the "Great City Feud" of 1492/94, led by his son Duke Heinrich the Elder , Hollant was one of the opponents of the city of Braunschweig. He moved to Helmstedt and Kalbe (Altmark), from where he continued to try to damage his hometown. Hollant died in Dömitz in 1510, where he last worked as a glove maker.

The contemporary witness Hermann Bote described the “Shift Hollandes” in his “Shift Boick” published in 1510 as one of several social revolts (“ Shifts ”) in medieval Braunschweig.

literature

• Manfred Garzmann: Hollant, Ludeke , in: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon, published on behalf of the city of Braunschweig by Luitgard Camerer, Manfred RW Garzmann and Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf with special assistance from Norman-Mathias Pingel, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , P. 109.
• Horst-Rüdiger Jarck (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon. 8th to 18th century , Braunschweig 2006, p. 355 f.
• Richard Moderhack : Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte , Braunschweig 1997